平台经济下数字情感劳动的理论溯源、异化表征与治理建构

Theoretical Origin, Alienation Representation and Governance Construction of Digital Emotional Labor in the Platform Economy

摘要: 数字平台经济的快速扩张，推动直播电商、虚拟陪伴、自媒体内容生产等新业态不断发展，由此突破传统服务业的线下场景，转变为全民参与、时空边界消融、算法深度介入的数字情感劳动。但情感脱离单纯的个体内在心理体验，逐步演变为能够生产流量、换取经济收益的劳动要素。本文立足于马克思劳动异化与人的自由全面发展理论，结合霍克希尔德情感劳动表演理论展开理论对话与辨析，构建契合我国平台发展实践的分析框架，剖析数字资本借助算法重塑情感劳动的内在机理。研究表明，数字情感劳动异化并非传统服务业情感剥削的简单线上复刻，而是资本侵入日常生活与精神生活形成的新型支配形态。在现实矛盾分析上，文章梳理四类典型数字情感劳动样态，探究其深层机制。治理维度摒弃制度、平台、社会、个体简单并列的研究思路，突出多方主体的联动逻辑，以直播从业者心理健康保障为切入点，提出可落地的政策工具，以此约束情感过度商品化现象，促使数字情感劳动回归人本价值，服务于人的自由全面发展。

Abstract: With the rapid expansion of the digital platform economy, new-form industries such as live-stream e-commerce, virtual companionship and self-media content production have transformed offline emotional labor into digital emotional labor featured by mass participation, blurred time-space boundaries and deep algorithm intervention. Emotion is no longer merely an individual inner-psychological experience but has become a labor factor generating traffic and economic returns. Based on Marx’s theories of labor alienation and the free and all-round development of human beings, this paper conducts theoretical discussion with Hochschild’s emotional-labor performance theory, and establishes an analytical framework adapted to China’s platform practice. It explores how digital capital reshapes emotional labor via algorithms, and argues that alienation of digital emotional labor is not merely online duplication of emotional exploitation in traditional service industries, but a new form of domination as capital penetrates daily and mental life. After sorting out four typical modes of digital emotional labor and their underlying mechanisms, this paper abandons the isolated “institution-platform-society-individual” framework and emphasizes multi-agent interaction. Focusing on mental-health protection for live-stream practitioners, it puts forward practical policy tools to curb over-commodification of emotion, restore human-oriented values for digital emotional labor, and advance the free and all-round development of human beings.