理论和实践的相互关系——《〈黑格尔法哲学批判〉导言》的文本研究

The Interrelation between Theory and Practice—A Textual Study of the Introduction to Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right

摘要: 理论和实践的相互关系是马克思在《〈黑格尔法哲学批判〉导言》中集中阐明的核心问题。他既确认了物质实践对理论的决定作用，又肯定了理论向物质力量转化的可能，从而揭示了二者既相互区别又相互联结的相互关系。本文回到《导言》与青年黑格尔派论战的思想史语境，从物质实践的决定作用、理论向物质力量的转化、二者的辩证统一三个层面展开分析，说明物质的优先性与理论的能动性如何在对立统一中达成，进而阐明《导言》在理论与实践关系问题上的基本立场及其方法论意义。

Abstract: The interrelationship between theory and practice constitutes a core issue systematically elucidated by Marx in the Introduction to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right. Marx both affirms the determining role of material practice over theory and acknowledges the possibility of theory’s transformation into a material force, thereby revealing the interrelationship in which the two are both distinct from and interconnected with each other. Returning to the intellectual-historical context of Marx’s debate with the Young Hegelians in the “Introduction”, this paper analyzes the issue from three dimensions: the determining role of material practice, the transformation of theory into a material force, and the dialectical unity of the two. It demonstrates how the priority of the material and the agency of theory are realized in their unity of opposites, and thereby clarifies the fundamental standpoint and methodological significance of the “Introduction” regarding the relationship between theory and practice.