汽车内饰运动机构件异响设计控制方法研究

Research on Design Control Methods for Squeak and Rattle of Automotive Interior Moving Mechanisms

摘要: 汽车内饰系统中的运动机构件(如杂物盒、扶手箱、杯托等)是异响问题的典型高发部件。本文以杂物盒为研究对象，基于异响产生的物理机理——包括粘滑效应、间隙‑撞击、动量‑冲击及模态耦合——系统推导出三项设计控制准则，即摩擦副优化、运动间隙管控以及结构刚度与模态匹配，并给出了关键参数的量化范围。在此基础上，通过两个工程改进案例(关闭撞击异响与颠簸路况敲击异响)验证了该方法的有效性。结果表明，采用所提参数后，杂物盒的异响主观评价评分由6分(可接受边界)提升至8.5分(良好水平)，改进效果显著。本文提出的量化设计方法可为同类内饰机构件的异响预防与控制提供工程参考。

Abstract: Moving mechanisms in automotive interior systems, such as storage bins, armrest boxes, and cup holders, are typical high-risk components for squeak and rattle (S&R) issues. Taking a storage bin as a representative case, this paper systematically derives three design control guidelines—optimization of friction pairs, management of kinematic clearances, and assurance of structural stiffness and modal compatibility—based on the underlying physical mechanisms of S&R, including stick-slip effect, clearance-impact, momentum-impact, and mode coupling. Quantitative ranges for key design parameters are also provided. Furthermore, two practical improvement cases (closing impact rattle and rough-road knocking rattle) are presented to validate the proposed methodology. Results show that after applying the recommended parameters, the subjective S&R rating of the storage bin improves from 6.0 (marginal acceptability) to 8.5 (good performance), demonstrating significant effectiveness. The quantitative design approach proposed in this paper offers a practical engineering reference for S&R prevention and control in similar interior mechanism components.