纸质文物快速光谱分析:技术特点、应用现状与展望
Rapid Spectral Analysis of Paper Cultural Relics: Technical Characteristics, Current Applications, and Prospects
DOI: 10.12677/hjcet.2026.166035, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 傅文佳, 朱 志, 张 继, 贺 丹, 谭 超, 邱 笛*:宜宾学院过程分析与控制四川省教育厅高校重点实验室,四川 宜宾;陈 立:和光同程光伏科技(宜宾)有限公司,四川 宜宾;吴永忠:宜宾天原集团股份有限公司,四川 宜宾
关键词: 纸质文物;近红外光谱;中红外光谱;拉曼光谱;高光谱成像;Paper-Based Cultural Relics; NIR; MIR; Raman Spectrum; HSI
摘要: 纸作为中国古代四大发明之一,自东汉发明以来,记录了中华民族的历史发展、科技进步和文化创造的过程。纸质文物不仅是研究古代社会、民俗、科技和艺术的重要资料,也在文化交流中发挥了关键作用,因此开展纸质文物材质鉴别、老化状态评估等相关研究,对文物鉴别和保护修复具有重要意义。本文围绕快速光谱技术在纸质文物分析中的应用展开综述,分别阐述近红外光谱、中红外光谱、拉曼光谱、高光谱成像的技术特点,归纳四类技术在古纸纤维鉴别、含水率等老化指标反演方面的研究现状。随着快速光谱技术研究的不断深入,同时结合多种分析方法与化学计量学协同应用,该技术将在未来纸质文物材质鉴别、工艺解析及老化评价等研究中发挥更为重要的作用。
Abstract: Paper, as one of the four major inventions of ancient China, has recorded the historical development, technological progress and cultural creation of the Chinese nation since its invention in the Eastern Han Dynasty. Paper-based cultural relics are not only important materials for studying ancient society, folk customs, science and technology, and art, but also play a key role in cultural exchanges. Therefore, conducting research on the identification of paper material properties, aging status assessment, etc. is of great significance for the identification and protection restoration of cultural relics. This article reviews the application of rapid spectroscopy technology in the analysis of paper cultural relics, respectively elaborating on the technical characteristics of near-infrared spectroscopy, Mid-infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and hyperspectral imaging, and summarizing the current research status of these four types of technologies in the identification of ancient paper fibers, moisture content and other aging indicators. With the continuous deepening of research on rapid spectroscopy technology and the combined application of multiple analytical methods and chemometrics algorithms, this technology will play an even more important role in the research of paper material identification, process analysis and aging evaluation of paper cultural relics in the future.
文章引用:傅文佳, 朱志, 张继, 贺丹, 陈立, 吴永忠, 谭超, 邱笛. 纸质文物快速光谱分析:技术特点、应用现状与展望[J]. 化学工程与技术, 2026, 16(6): 359-367. https://doi.org/10.12677/hjcet.2026.166035

参考文献

[1] 阎春生, 黄晨, 韩松涛, 等. 古代纸质文物科学检测技术综述[J]. 中国光学, 2020, 13(5): 936‑964.
[2] 朱佳佳. 纸质文物加固保护技术研究综述[J]. 客家文博, 2020(1): 53‑59.
[3] 李洪飞. 浅谈文物的鉴定与鉴赏[J]. 文物鉴定与鉴赏, 2019(15): 90‑91.
[4] 牛飞. 纸质文物修复科学配纸实践——以一本族谱的保护修复为例[J]. 中国文物科学研究, 2023(3): 70‑78.
[5] Zhang, X., Yan, Y.E., Yao, J.J., et al. (2022) Chemistry Directs the Conservation of Paper Cultural Relics. Polymer Degradation and Stability, 207, Article 110228.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110228
[6] 艾孜拉·达吾夏提, 王林. 近红外光谱结合大数据的纸张物理性能快速预测模型[J]. 华东纸业, 2026, 56(2): 10‑12.
[7] 张旭, 闫玥儿, 杨光辉, 等. 8部《诗经》类古籍的红外光谱无损检测研究[J]. 复旦学报(自然科学版), 2021, 60(5): 655‑664.
[8] 朱晓晗, 姜红. 常用纸张填料的光谱分析[J]. 中华纸业, 2020, 41(14): 27‑30.
[9] 刘宇, 陈瀑, 李敬岩, 等. 中国近红外光谱分析技术30年——回顾、述评与展望[J]. 分析测试学报, 2025, 44(10): 2001‑2016.
[10] 谭银雨. 基于近红外光谱技术的纸质文物含水率无损检测的研究[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 重庆: 重庆理工大学, 2025.
[11] 易晓辉, 龙堃, 任珊珊, 等. 近红外光谱无损检测技术在古籍纸张性能分析中的可行性研究[J]. 文物保护与考古科学, 2018, 30(3): 21‑32.
[12] 谷岸. 近红外光谱结合化学计量学无损检测新技术在文物保护中的应用与展望[J]. 中国文物科学研究, 2019(1): 72‑76.
[13] Coppola, F., Frigau, L., Markelj, J., Malešič, J., Conversano, C. and Strlič, M. (2023) Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Machine Learning for Accurate Dating of Historical Books. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 145, 12305-12314.
https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.3c02835
[14] 张旭, 闫玥儿, 张春梅, 等. 延安时期红色文献的红外光谱无损检测研究[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2022, 42(10): 3097-3102.
[15] 吕淑贤. 应用衰减全反射红外光谱无损鉴别中国传统手工纸的方法研究[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2024, 44(9): 2450-2458.
[16] Sharma, V., Kaur, J. and Kumar, R. (2021) Proof of Concept Study for Paper Discrimination and Age Estimation through Its Degradation Process by ATR-FTIR Spectroscopy and Chemometric Models. Australian Journal of Forensic Sciences, 53, 703-726.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00450618.2020.1781254
[17] 吕淑贤, 张艳霞, 王旭. 红外二阶导数谱图特征在中国古纸纤维无损鉴别中的应用[J]. 中国造纸学报, 2024, 39(4): 134‑145.
[18] Xia, J.J., Zhang, J.X., Zhao, Y.T., et al. (2019) Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Chemometrics for the Discrimination of Paper Relic Types. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 219, 8-14.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2018.09.059
[19] 崔志宾, 易晓辉, 王锋, 等. 对一种清宫古籍书衣用粉笺纸的检测分析与仿制研究[J]. 文物保护与考古科学, 2025, 37(3): 111‑120.
[20] 郑冬青, 张高愿, 鲁钢, 等. 拉曼光谱技术在纸质文物成分与结构分析研究中的进展[J]. 光散射学报, 2026, 38(1): 16‑28.
[21] Yan, C.S. (2022) Analysis of Handmade Paper by Raman Spectroscopy Combined with Machine Learning. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 53, 260-271.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.6280
[22] 田江南, 解明思, 刘锦缘, 等. 基于光谱技术的瓷青纸材料及工艺分析——以一件明代瓷青纸为例[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2023, 43(6): 1787‑1791.
[23] Pigorsch, E. (2020) New Insights into Paper—Chemical Paper Analysis Using Raman Microscopy. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 52, 78-84.
https://doi.org/10.1002/jrs.5877
[24] Botti, S., Bonfigli, F., Nigro, V., Rufoloni, A. and Vannozzi, A. (2022) Evaluating the Conservation State of Naturally Aged Paper with Raman and Luminescence Spectral Mapping: Toward a Non-Destructive Diagnostic Protocol. Molecules, 27, Article 1712.
https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051712
[25] 刘文庆, 王平. Raman光谱及DR技术在可移动文物追溯中的实验研究[J]. 陶瓷学报, 2022, 43(6): 1105-1112.
[26] 童庆禧, 张兵, 张立福. 中国高光谱遥感的前沿进展[J]. 遥感学报, 2016, 20(5): 689‑707.
[27] 王乐乐, 李志敏, 马清林, 梅建军. 高光谱技术无损鉴定壁画颜料之研究[J]. 敦煌研究, 2015(3): 122‑128.
[28] 周新光, 沈骅, 吴来明. 高光谱图像系统应用于模糊印章的提取研究[J]. 文物保护与考古科学, 2020, 32(1): 56‑60.
[29] 李广华, 高宇, 郑冬青, 等. 基于高光谱成像技术的古书画纸张老化程度评估研究[J]. 北京化工大学学报(自然科学版), 2025, 52(5): 209‑218.
[30] 王飒, 曲亮, 张立福, 等. 基于高光谱数据的纸张粘度反演模型构建[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2024, 44(12): 3524‑3533.
[31] 张娇娇. 高光谱结合机器学习的纸张鉴别方法研究[D]: [硕士学位论文]. 西安: 西安石油大学, 2023.
[32] 高宇, 孙雪剑, 李广华, 等. 光谱信息扩展下的纸张粘度光谱指数构建研究[J]. 光谱学与光谱分析, 2023, 43(9): 2960‑2966.
[33] Yun, L., Tom, F. and Matija, S. (2021) Quantitative NIR Spectroscopy for Determination of Degree of Polymerisation of Historical Paper. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 214, Article ID: 104337.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemolab.2021.104337