批判“确定性”：庄子与休谟的怀疑论路径比较研究

Deconstructing Certainty: A Comparative Inquiry into the Skeptical Paths of Zhuangzi and David Hume

摘要: 本文所做的研究旨在深入比较庄子与休谟怀疑论路径，主要通过文献研究法，系统梳理二者在解构“确定性”方面的思想。研究发现，庄子以“道”为核心，借由对语言的批判及“心斋”“沉默”的方式解构确定性；休谟则基于经验主义原则，通过对因果关系怀疑及对自我观念限定来达成。二者均挑战传统认知，但在理论归宿与对真理态度上存在差异。本研究旨在为哲学研究提供新的视角，丰富怀疑论研究的内容。

Abstract: This study aims to conduct an in-depth comparison of the skeptical approaches of Zhuangzi and David Hume. Employing primarily the method of textual and documentary research, it systematically examines how both thinkers deconstruct “certainty.” The study finds that Zhuangzi, centered on the concept of the Dao, deconstructs certainty through a critique of language and through practices such as “the fasting of the mind” (xīn zhāi) and silence. Hume, on the other hand, grounded in empiricist principles, achieves this through his skepticism toward causality and his circumscription of the idea of the self. Both challenge conventional understandings of knowledge, yet they diverge in their theoretical destinations and their attitudes toward truth. This study seeks to offer a new perspective for philosophical inquiry and to enrich the content of skepticism research.