马克思关于道德的三维意蕴解析

A Three-Dimensional Analysis of the Implications of Marx’s View on Morality

摘要: 随着市场经济深入发展，道德相对主义等思潮不断扩散，传统德育模式实效性不足日益凸显，亟需从理论层面说清道德的生成逻辑与本质内涵。现有研究多立足唯物史观宏观展开，从“人”本身出发的微观阐释仍有不足。基于马克思主义经典文本，以“人”为核心线索，从道德的主体根基、现实核心、价值旨归三个维度梳理马克思道德观的理论体系，呈现从批判抽象人性论、剖析现实利益冲突、推进利益消解，最终指向人的自由全面发展的完整逻辑脉络。马克思道德观本质上是历史唯物主义下的实践道德理论，其核心不在于制定永恒的道德法则，而在于结合社会实践说明道德的历史本质。三维意蕴的解读既能区分马克思道德观与西方传统伦理学的不同，也能为当代公民道德建设提供学理依据与实践指引。

Abstract: With the deepening development of the market economy, moral relativism and other ideological trends have been spreading, while the traditional model of moral education is increasingly ineffective; it is therefore urgent to clarify, at the theoretical level, the generative logic and essential connotation of morality. Existing studies mostly proceed from the macroscopic perspective of historical materialism, whereas microscopic interpretations starting from “human being” itself remain insufficient. Based on the classical texts of Marxism and taking "human being" as the core clue, the theoretical system of Marx’s view on morality is examined from three dimensions, namely the subjective foundation, the realistic core and the value orientation of morality, presenting a complete logical thread from criticizing the abstract theory of human nature, through analyzing realistic interest conflicts and advancing the dissolution of interests, to the free and all-round development of the human being. Marx’s view on morality is essentially a practical moral theory under historical materialism, whose core lies not in formulating eternal moral laws but in explaining the historical essence of morality in connection with social practice. The three-dimensional interpretation can not only distinguish Marx’s view on morality from Western traditional ethics, but also provide theoretical basis and practical guidance for the construction of contemporary civic morality.