《实验室安全与规范》课程的范式转型与实践路径探索

Exploring the Paradigm Transformation and Practical Pathways of the “Laboratory Safety and Regulations” Course

摘要: 实验室安全是高校教学与科研工作的底线工程，然而高校实验室安全课程教育长期存在“重理论、轻实操、弱体验”的结构性缺陷，学生安全意识与应急能力之间难以达到知行合一。本文剖析传统《实验室安全与规范》课程教学的深层困境，研究以Kolb体验学习圈、情境学习理论与能力本位教育的理论模型，提出构建“虚实结合、场景驱动、能力闭环”的实践教学逻辑框架，构建层层递进的实践体系，推动课程从“知识传授”向“能力培养”转型。在此基础上，构建“安全能力画像”四维雷达图评价模型，借助AI个性化分析，有效提升学生的安全素养和应急处置能力，为高校实验室安全教育改革提供可借鉴的范式。实践教学改革将显著提升学生的安全技能和应急处置能力，助力中国民航大学材料化学“绿色航空新能源材料”微专业建设中的相关实验课程构筑安全藩篱，为高校实验室安全教育提供了可迁移的理论框架与实践路径。

Abstract: Laboratory safety is a bottom-line undertaking in teaching and research at higher education institutions. However, laboratory safety education in colleges and universities has long suffered from a structural deficiency characterized by “emphasis on theory, neglect of hands-on practice, and weak experiential learning,” making it difficult for students to achieve the unity of knowledge and action between safety awareness and emergency response capacity. This paper analyzes the deep-seated dilemmas in traditional teaching of the “Laboratory Safety and Regulations” course. Drawing on theoretical models such as Kolb’s experiential learning cycle, situated learning theory, and competency-based education, it proposes a practical teaching logic framework of “virtual-real integration, scenario-driven learning, and a closed loop of competencies”, and develops a progressively structured practical system to promote the course’s transformation from “knowledge transmission” to “competency development”. On this basis, a four-dimensional radar chart evaluation model for a “safety competency profile” is constructed. With the support of AI-enabled personalized analysis, this model effectively enhances students’ safety literacy and emergency response capabilities, providing a replicable paradigm for laboratory safety education reform in higher education. The practical teaching reform will significantly enhance students’ safety skills and emergency response capabilities, help build safety safeguards for the relevant laboratory courses in the development of the “Green Aviation New Energy Materials” micro-major in Materials Chemistry at Civil Aviation University of China, and provide a transferable theoretical framework and practical pathways for laboratory safety education in higher education.