金秀柘山勉语烹饪动作词“kam³³¹”词源探索

Exploration on the Etymology of the Cooking Action Word “kam³³¹” in Jinxiu Zheshan Mian Language

摘要: 瑶族语言靠口耳相传，口语中保留了大量高频使用、语义稳定却没有规范汉字记录的有音无字词。已有苗瑶语历史比较研究多集中在宏观语音系统，对细分语义场的微观实词讨论较少。文章以广西金秀柘山勉语烹饪动作类有音无字词“kam³³¹”(明火燎烤去毛)为对象，先描写其句法语义，再做源流考辨。该词声母为舌根清塞音k，韵母为am，读第2调331。系统排查《广韵》《集韵》《说文》后暂未找到声韵调俱合的汉语本字，跨方言也暂未检得同源词。本字待考，该词更可能为苗瑶语固有词，但证据尚不足，词源归属尚不能定论，可为苗瑶语微观实词的历史比较提供一个具体可感的例子。

Abstract: The language of the Yao Ethnic Group is passed down from mouth to mouth. There are a large number of soundless words with high frequency use and stable semantics in the oral language, but there is no standard Chinese character record. The existing comparative study of Miao-Yao language history mostly focuses on the macro phonetic system, and there is little discussion on the micro content words of subdivided semantic field. This paper takes the soundless word “kam³³¹” (minghuoliao baked to remove hair) of cooking action in Mian dialect of Zheshan, Jinxiu, Guangxi as the object, first describes its syntax and semantics, and then makes a textual research on its origin. The initials of the word are tongue-root clear stops k, the finals are am, and read the second tone 331. After systematically investigating “Guangyun” “Jiyun” “Shuowen”, we have not found the original Chinese characters with sound, rhyme and tone, and the cognate words have not been detected in cross-dialects. The word is more likely to be an inherent word in Miao Yao language, but the evidence is still insufficient, and the etymology attribution is still inconclusive. It can provide a concrete and sensible example for the historical comparison of micro-content words in Miao-Yao language.