高校学生心理危机预干预模式的构建——基于认知行为模型的视角

Construction of a Pre-Intervention Model for Psychological Crisis among College Students—From the Perspective of the Cognitive Behavioral Model

摘要: 高校学生心理危机预干预是心理危机干预工作链条中的前端环节，直接关系到危机能否被化解于萌芽状态。针对当前高校重点关注学生干预体系连续性不足、对不同类型学生缺乏针对性策略等问题，本文以认知行为模型为理论视角，在界定心理危机预干预内涵、梳理重点关注学生现实困境与认知行为特征的基础上，构建“评估–分类–分层干预–转介–跟踪”闭环式预干预模式。该模式以自动思维、中间信念与核心信念的识别与修正为核心技术路径，针对经济困难、适应困难、学习困难、人际困难与就业困难五类重点关注学生提出差异化干预要点，并从队伍培训、家校医社协同与模型动态修订三方面提出实施保障，旨在为高校提高心理危机干预的效率与实效性提供可操作的实践框架。

Abstract: Psychological crisis pre-intervention for college students is the front-end link in the psychological crisis intervention chain, directly determining whether a crisis can be resolved in its embryonic stage. In light of the insufficient continuity of the current intervention system for college students of concern and the lack of targeted strategies for different types of students, this paper adopts the cognitive behavioral model as the theoretical perspective. On the basis of defining the connotation of psychological crisis pre-intervention and sorting out the practical difficulties and cognitive behavioral characteristics of students of concern, a closed-loop pre-intervention model of “assessment-classification-layered intervention-referral-follow-up” is constructed. The model takes the identification and modification of automatic thoughts, intermediate beliefs, and core beliefs as its core technical path. It proposes differentiated intervention points for five types of students of concern, namely those with financial difficulties, adjustment difficulties, learning difficulties, interpersonal difficulties, and employment difficulties. It also puts forward implementation guarantees from three aspects: team training, home-school-hospital-community collaboration, and dynamic model revision, aiming to provide an operable practical framework for colleges and universities to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of psychological crisis intervention.