老年人网络诈骗防范的法治完善路径

Legal Improvement Paths for the Prevention of Elderly Online Fraud

摘要: 人口老龄化进程持续推进，老年群体数字素养不足、风险辨识能力偏弱，叠加情感需求缺口，使之成为网络诈骗重点侵害对象。既有治理模式多侧重犯罪打击，对被害人前置保护机制关注不足。以被害预防理论为分析框架，梳理当前涉老网络诈骗案件特征，剖析老年被害人风险形成机理。结合现行《反电信网络诈骗法》《老年人权益保障法》及司法判例，总结概括现有法治困境。立足于被害预防的分层保护思路，从四大维度提出完善方案，构建事前阻断、事中干预、事后救济一体化的法律保障体系，减少老年群体财产受损风险，实现对养老财产权益的系统性保护。

Abstract: With the continuous advancement of population aging, the elderly population suffers from inadequate digital literacy, weak risk identification capabilities, together with unmet emotional needs, rendering them prime targets of online fraud. Existing governance models mostly focus on criminal crackdowns, while insufficient attention has been paid to pre-emptive protection mechanisms for victims. Taking victim prevention theory as the analytical framework, this paper sorts out the characteristics of current online fraud cases involving the elderly and analyzes the formation mechanism of risks faced by elderly victims. Combined with the Anti-Telecom and Online Fraud Law, the Law on the Protection of the Rights and Interests of the Elderly, and judicial precedents, it summarizes the existing legal predicaments. Based on the hierarchical protection approach of victim prevention, improvement proposals are put forward from four dimensions to build an integrated legal guarantee system featuring pre-incident blocking, in-incident intervention and post-incident relief. This aims to reduce the risk of property losses among the elderly and realize systematic protection of their property rights and interests for old-age support.