技术异化与人的解放：智能时代人的现代化的历史逻辑与现实出路

Technological Alienation and Human Liberation: The Historical Logic and Practical Way Out of Human Modernization in the Era of Intelligence

摘要: 本文以马克思“自然历史过程”思想为核心方法论，以马克思主义人的自由全面发展理论为价值基点，对智能时代人的现代化问题进行双重维度的考察。智能技术作为生产力发展的当代形态，其社会化属性与资本主义私人占有制之间的深刻矛盾，系统性地催生了算法控制、数据垄断与时间殖民等新型异化，构成了人的现代化进程的主要挑战。这一困境在“自然历史过程”的视野中，呈现为特定社会形态下生产力与生产关系矛盾运动的当代结果。立足我国现代化实践，依托现实制度所提供的实践条件，我国提出了“投资于人”的战略回应，通过推进数字生产资料共享、构建算法民主治理体系、实施自由时间与能力投资等系统性路径，致力于将技术潜能转化为人的全面发展条件。研究认为，只有通过自觉的社会关系调整与治理创新，推动智能技术与社会的良性互动，实现从侧重物的现代化走向以人的现代化为重心的重要转型。

Abstract: Centered on Marx’s concept of “natural historical process” as a methodological framework and grounded in the Marxist theory of human freedom and all-round development, this paper examines the issue of human modernization in the age of intelligence from a dual perspective. As the contemporary form of productive forces, intelligent technologies generate profound contradictions between their socialized nature and capitalist private ownership, systematically giving rise to new forms of alienation such as algorithmic control, data monopolies, and temporal colonization—posing major challenges to human modernization. Within the lens of the “natural historical process,” this predicament emerges as a contemporary manifestation of the contradictory dynamics between productive forces and relations of production under specific socio-economic conditions. Drawing on China’s modernization practices and leveraging the practical conditions provided by its existing institutions, China has proposed a strategic response of “investing in people.” Through systematic approaches—including sharing digital means of production, establishing democratic governance systems for algorithms, and investing in free time and human capabilities—the country aims to transform technological potential into conditions for comprehensive human development. The study concludes that only through conscious adjustments in social relations and innovative governance can intelligent technologies be harmoniously integrated with society, enabling a crucial transition from an object-centered model of modernization to one centered on human development.