城市初老群体养老焦虑的社会生成逻辑

The Social Generative Logic of Elderly Care Anxiety among the Early Aging Population in Cities

摘要: 在人口老龄化持续加深的背景下，城市初老群体面临退休转折与养老规划的双重压力，其养老焦虑日益成为值得关注的社会议题。本研究将养老焦虑界定为社会建构的情感状态，整合生命历程、风险社会与代际互惠理论，建立“结构–文化–关系”分析框架，通过深度访谈与参与观察揭示其生成逻辑。研究发现，养老焦虑深嵌于退休角色中断、养老责任个体化、代际互惠期待错位及社会比较等社会过程之中，并非个体心理脆弱的产物，转型期结构因素衍生的不确定性难以根除。研究拓展了养老情感社会学的讨论空间，并为初老群体的社会支持与信息服务提供了经验依据。

Abstract: Against the backdrop of continuously deepening population aging, the urban pre-elderly group faces the dual pressures of retirement transition and elderly care planning, and their anxiety about elderly care has increasingly become a social issue worthy of attention. This study defines elderly care anxiety as a socially constructed emotional state, integrates theories of life course, risk society, and intergenerational reciprocity, establishes an “structure-culture-relationship” analytical framework, and reveals its generation logic through in-depth interviews and participatory observation. The research finds that elderly care anxiety is deeply embedded in social processes such as the interruption of retirement roles, the individualization of elderly care responsibilities, the misalignment of expectations for intergenerational reciprocity, and social comparison. It is not a product of individual psychological vulnerability, and the uncertainty derived from structural factors in the transition period is difficult to eradicate. The study expands the discussion space of the sociology of elderly care emotions and provides empirical evidence for social support and information services for the pre-elderly group.