马克思现代性批判的三重理论镜像

The Triple Theoretical Mirrors of Marx’s Critique of Modernity

摘要: 马克思的现代性批判是现代性理论的重要思想坐标，在现代性语境中其呈现为三重理论镜像。理论家们据此延展其现代性批判，或通过指认其理论矛盾、否定其有效性以维护资本主义现代性，另有反思学界对其简化和偏离所带来的局限性。马克思的现代性批判以唯物史观为基础，揭示现代性内在辩证运动，未因时代变迁丧失解释力，始终作为思想资源，促使人们追问时代本质，超越剥削和异化，实现人的自由全面发展。

Abstract: Marx’s critique of modernity is an important intellectual coordinate in modernity theory, and in the context of modernity it presents itself as three theoretical mirrors. Theorists have extended his critique of modernity accordingly: some defend capitalist modernity by identifying its theoretical contradictions and denying its validity, while others reflect on the limitations brought about by academic simplification of and deviation from it. Based on historical materialism, Marx’s critique of modernity reveals the inherent dialectical movement of modernity. It has not lost its explanatory power with the changes of the times and has always served as an intellectual resource, prompting people to inquire into the essence of the times, transcend exploitation and alienation, and realize the free and all-round development of human beings.