平台数字劳动的价值创造与权益保障——基于马克思劳动价值论

Value Creation and Rights Protection of Platform Digital Labor—An Analysis Based on Marx’s Labor Theory of Value

摘要: 本文以马克思劳动价值论为分析框架，以活劳动价值源泉、复杂劳动价值倍增、剩余价值分配为核心理论支撑。采用文献分析法与理论阐释法，界定平台经济、平台数字劳动等核心概念，剖析平台数字劳动的价值创造本质与特征，梳理其在价值实现与权益保障中的具体困境及根源。研究发现，平台数字劳动本质仍是活劳动耗费，属于复杂劳动范畴，但受平台资本逐利逻辑主导、制度规制适配滞后与数字劳动权益界定不明等因素影响，价值实现面临价值认定模糊、价值分配失衡的困境，权益保障存在雇佣关系模糊、算法控制过度、维权渠道不畅等问题。基于此，本文从理论认知、制度供给、实践操作三个层面提出针对性保障路径，为规范平台用工秩序、维护数字劳动者合法权益、促进平台经济高质量发展提供理论参考。

Abstract: This paper adopts Marx’s labor theory of value as its analytical framework, with living labor as the source of value, complex labor’s value multiplication, and surplus value distribution as its core theoretical supports. By employing literature analysis and theoretical interpretation, it defines core concepts such as the platform economy and platform digital labor, analyzes the nature and characteristics of value creation in platform digital labor, and identifies the specific difficulties and root causes in value realization and rights protection. The study finds that platform digital labor is essentially the expenditure of living labor and falls within the category of complex labor; however, due to factors such as the dominance of platform capital’s profit-seeking logic, lagging institutional adaptation, and unclear definitions of digital labor rights, value realization faces difficulties of vague value recognition and imbalanced value distribution, while rights protection suffers from blurred employment relationships, excessive algorithmic control, and obstructed channels for rights protection. On this basis, this paper proposes targeted safeguard pathways from three levels—theoretical understanding, institutional supply, and practical operation—to provide theoretical references for regulating platform employment order, safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of digital laborers, and promoting the high-quality development of the platform economy.