人工智能技术对银行全要素生产率的影响研究

Research on the Impact of Artificial Intelligence Technology on Total Factor Productivity in Banks

摘要: 作为驱动数字金融演进的关键底层要素，人工智能技术正在逐步拓宽并渗透至银行业。伴随着该技术在商业银行体系内应用广度的不断延伸，其对银行微观运营机制及宏观发展轨迹所产生的深层重塑效应也正呈现出显著的强化趋势。本文基于文本挖掘方法构建人工智能技术水平指标，深入考察其对经由DEA-Malmquist指数测度得出的商业银行全要素生产率的影响效应与作用机理。研究选取2012至2024年间86家商业银行作为样本，运用双向固定效应模型及一系列计量检验方法进行实证分析。结果显示：人工智能技术的深化应用显著驱动了商业银行全要素生产率的增长；银行技术创新在其中发挥了关键的中介传导作用；此外，数字金融发展水平具有显著的正向调节效应，表明外部数字金融环境的优化能够进一步强化人工智能技术对全要素生产率的赋能效果。

Abstract: As a key underlying driver of the evolution of digital finance, artificial intelligence technology is gradually expanding its reach and permeating the banking sector. As the scope of its application within the commercial banking system continues to broaden, the profound transformative effects it exerts on banks’ micro-level operational mechanisms and macro-level development trajectories are also showing a marked trend towards intensification. This paper constructs an indicator of artificial intelligence technology levels based on text mining methods, and examines in depth its impact and underlying mechanisms on the total factor productivity of commercial banks, as measured by the DEA-Malmquist index. The study selects 86 commercial banks from 2012 to 2024 as the sample and conducts empirical analysis using a two-way fixed-effects model and a series of econometric tests. The results indicate that the deepening application of artificial intelligence technology has significantly driven the growth of total factor productivity in commercial banks; technological innovation within the banking sector has played a crucial mediating role in this process; furthermore, the level of digital finance development exhibits a significant positive moderating effect, suggesting that the optimisation of the external digital finance environment can further enhance the enabling effect of artificial intelligence technology on total factor productivity.