走马镇“花三棋”的在地实践与保护反思

Local Practices and Reflections on Safeguarding on Huasanqi in Zouma Town

摘要: 本文以重庆走马镇区级非遗项目“花三棋”为个案，基于对传承人的访谈与田野观察，结合遗产化、本真性、文化记忆、社区参与和实践理论，分析一种嵌入乡村日常生活的游艺在进入非遗名录后的实践调整。研究发现，花三棋原本依托农闲时间、熟人交往和随手可得的器物延续；名录确认后的规则整理、传承人认定和公共展示提升了项目的可见度，也改变了部分活动场景与意义表达。相关参与者并非被动接受变化，而是通过传授规则、赋予当代解释、提出培训班、数字化对弈、走进校园和建设传承基地等设想回应现实困难。本文据此将本真性区分为基本形态、实践过程与社会关系三个层面，并认为花三棋当前的关键问题并非抽象的保护安排本身，而是常见传播方式能否与参与型、生活型游艺的特点相适应。

Abstract: Taking Huasanqi, a district-level intangible cultural heritage item in Zouma Town, Chongqing, as a case study, this article draws on interviews with tradition bearers and field observation. It also draws on heritagization, authenticity, cultural memory, community participation, and practice theory and examines how a recreational tradition embedded in rural everyday life has adjusted after inclusion on an intangible cultural heritage list. Huasanqi was sustained through agricultural leisure, acquaintance-based interaction, and readily available objects. Rule documentation, recognition of representative bearers, and public presentation have increased visibility while also changing some settings and meanings of practice. Local participants actively respond by teaching rules, offering contemporary interpretations, and proposing weekend classes, digital play, school outreach, competitions, and a transmission base to address practical difficulties. The article distinguishes authenticity at the levels of basic form, situated practice, and social relations. It argues that the central issue is whether common communication methods are compatible with the characteristics of a participatory, everyday game, rather than the abstract safeguarding arrangements themselves.