自我损耗和压力情境对攻击行为的影响

The Impact of Ego Depletion and Stressful Situations on Aggressive Behavior

摘要: 研究采用完全随机设计，考察了自我损耗(高损耗、低损耗)与压力情境(评价性压力、一般任务压力)对主动性及反应性攻击倾向的影响，其中评价性压力采用特里尔社会压力测验启动，一般任务压力采用瑞文高级推理测验启动。结果发现：1) 自我损耗对反应性攻击的主效应呈边缘显著趋势，高损耗组比低损耗组引发更强的反应性攻击；压力情境对反应性攻击的主效应显著，评价性压力比一般任务压力引发更强的反应性攻击；2) 二者对反应性攻击存在显著的交互作用，具体表现为在低损耗状态下两种压力引发的攻击倾向差异显著，而在高损耗状态下差异不显著；3) 自我损耗和压力情境对主动性攻击的主效应及交互作用均不显著。研究表明，自我损耗与压力情境主要影响个体的反应性攻击，而对工具性的主动性攻击无显著影响。

Abstract: This study employed a completely random design to investigate the effects of ego-depletion (high depletion, low depletion) and stress situations (evaluative stress, general task stress) on the tendencies of proactive and reactive aggression. The evaluative stress was initiated using the Trier Social Stress Test, and the general task stress was initiated using the Raven Advanced Progressive Matrices. The results showed: 1) The main effect of ego-depletion on reactive aggression showed a marginal significant trend. The high depletion group triggered stronger reactive aggression than the low depletion group. The main effect of stress situations on reactive aggression was significant. Evaluative stress triggered stronger reactive aggression than general task stress. 2) There was a significant interaction between the two, specifically manifested as a significant difference in the tendency of reactive aggression between the two stress situations in the low depletion state, but no significant difference in the high depletion state. 3) The main effects and interaction effects of ego-depletion and stress situations on proactive aggression were not significant. The study indicates that ego-depletion and stress situations mainly affect an individual’s reactive aggression, but have no significant effect on instrumental proactive aggression.