不同改性干水抑爆剂对煤尘爆炸压力与火焰演化特性的影响

Effects of Different Modified Dry-Water Explosion Suppressants on the Explosion Pressure and Flame Evolution Characteristics of Coal Dust

摘要: 为比较不同活性组分改性干水对煤尘爆炸的抑制差异，采用20 L球形爆炸装置，以200 g/m³烟煤煤尘为对象，考察普通干水及磷酸二氢铵(MAP)、三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐(MPP)、三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐(MCA)改性干水在5%~30%添加量下对爆炸压力、压力上升速率、特征时间和火焰演化的影响。低添加量普通干水、MPP干水和MCA干水会使最大爆炸压力短暂升高，而MAP干水随添加量增加始终表现为抑制。添加量为30%时，4种干水体系的最大爆炸压力分别降至0.109、0.113、0.099和0.103 MPa，抑制率为83.80%、83.33%、85.40%和84.81%；最大压力上升速率降至7.5、7.5、5.0和5.0 MPa/s。添加量为25%时，爆炸感应时间和燃烧时间均明显延长，其中MPP干水对应的延长幅度最大。火焰在0~16 ms快速发展，爆炸压力响应相对滞后；10%添加量下MAP干水使火焰衰减最快。结果表明，干水抑爆存在明显临界添加量，其中MAP干水在低添加量阶段的稳定抑制作用更具优势。

Abstract: To compare the explosion suppression performance of dry water modified with different active components, a 20 L spherical explosion vessel was employed to investigate the effects of conventional dry water and dry water modified with ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (MAP), melamine polyphosphate (MPP), and melamine cyanurate (MCA) on the explosion pressure, pressure rise rate, characteristic time, and flame evolution of bituminous coal dust at a concentration of 200 g/m³. The addition ratios of the suppressants ranged from 5% to 30%. At low addition ratios, conventional dry water, MPP-modified dry water, and MCA-modified dry water caused a temporary increase in the maximum explosion pressure, whereas MAP-modified dry water exhibited a continuous suppression effect with increasing addition ratio. At an addition ratio of 30%, the maximum explosion pressures for the four dry-water systems decreased to 0.109, 0.113, 0.099, and 0.103 MPa, corresponding to suppression efficiencies of 83.80%, 83.33%, 85.40%, and 84.81%, respectively. Meanwhile, the maximum pressure rise rates decreased to 7.5, 7.5, 5.0, and 5.0 MPa/s, respectively. At an addition ratio of 25%, both the explosion induction time and combustion duration were significantly prolonged, with MPP-modified dry water producing the greatest extension. Flame propagation developed rapidly within 0~16 ms, whereas the explosion pressure response showed a relative time lag. At an addition ratio of 10%, MAP-modified dry water resulted in the fastest flame attenuation. The results indicate that dry-water-based explosion suppression exhibits a distinct critical addition ratio, and MAP-modified dry water shows a particular advantage owing to its stable suppression performance at relatively low addition ratios.