江淮官话马鞍山方言单字调及双字调的声学实验研究

Acoustic Experimental Study of Citation Tones and Disyllabic Tone Sandhi in the Ma’anshan Dialect of Jianghuai Mandarin

摘要: 本文采用实验语音学方法，对江淮官话洪巢片马鞍山方言的单字调及双字调系统开展声学研究。单字调部分涵盖阴平、阳平、上声、去声、入声5个调类，每个调类选取10个常用例字，由4名发音人(2男2女)录制；使用Praat软件提取基频数据，采用T值计算法(石锋，1986)进行归一化处理，确定单字调调值分别为阴平31、阳平24、上声213、去声53、入声5。双字调部分采用5 × 5全组合均衡设计，共25种声调组合，每种组合选取2个方言常用词，由2名发音人(1男1女)录制，据此分析连读变调规律。研究发现，马鞍山方言的双字连读变调呈现出“自身交替”与“邻接交替”相结合的模式：阴平、上声作前字时调型简化显著；阳平、去声变调规律性较强；入声调型稳定性最强，且对前字存在高调同化效应。本研究完善了马鞍山方言的声调系统描写，为江淮官话的声调演变研究提供了新的实证依据。

Abstract: This paper conducts an acoustic study on the system of citation tones and disyllabic tone sandhi in Ma’anshan dialect, which belongs to the Hongchao subgroup of Jianghuai Mandarin, using experimental phonetic methods. The citation tone section covers five tone categories: Yinping, Yangping, Shangsheng, Qusheng, and Rusheng, with ten common example characters selected for each category and recorded by four native speakers (two males and two females). Fundamental frequency (F0) data are extracted via Praat software and normalized using the T-value method (Shi, 1986). The citation tone values are determined as: Yinping 31, Yangping 24, Shangsheng 213, Qusheng 53, and Rusheng 5. The disyllabic tone section adopts a 5 × 5 fully crossed balanced design, covering twenty-five tone combinations with two common dialect words per combination, recorded by two native speakers (one male and one female), based on which the tone sandhi patterns are analyzed. The findings show that the disyllabic tone sandhi in Ma’anshan presents a combined pattern of self-alternation and adjacent assimilation. Yinping and Shangsheng undergo significant tonal simplification when occurring as the first syllable; Yangping and Qusheng follow relatively regular sandhi rules; Rusheng maintains the strongest tonal stability and exerts a high-tone assimilatory effect on the preceding syllable. This study complements the phonetic description of the tone system of Ma’anshan dialect and provides empirical evidence for research on the tone evolution of Jianghuai Mandarin.