交际翻译理论下文化负载词的处理研究——以非遗民俗介绍文本英译为例

A Study on the Treatment of Culture-Loaded Words under Communicative Translation Theory —A Case Study of English Translation of Intangible Cultural Heritage Folk-Custom Introductory Texts

摘要: 非遗民俗文本承载地域发展脉络、传统习俗和民族精神，很多文化负载词有目标语概念空缺，属于汉英翻译的主要难点。本研究以纽马克交际翻译理论为框架，结合非遗介绍文本的宣传科普功能，把文化负载词分为物质类、行为仪式类、称谓制度类、民俗俗语类四大类别，并以国家级、省级非遗民俗官方文本及公示译本为语料开展案例分析。研究发现：物质类文化负载词适宜采用直译 + 音译加注，行为仪式类侧重意译 + 句式重构，称谓与制度类适用通用表述 + 简化释义，民俗俗语类可采取归化转换 + 意译减译；经过研究发现，交际翻译理论可以指导非遗民俗英译，对不同文化负载词采取差异化译法，在保证交际流畅性的前提下也保留了文化的特色。研究结论可以给非遗对外宣传翻译提供理论支持和实践参照。

Abstract: Intangible cultural heritage folk texts carry regional developmental contexts, traditional customs and national ethos. Many culture-loaded words in such texts have no corresponding conceptual equivalents in the target language, posing major difficulties for Chinese-English translation. Taking Newmark’s communicative translation theory as the theoretical framework and considering the publicity and popularization functions of ICH introductory texts, this study categorizes culture-loaded words into four types: material, ritual-behavioral, appellation-institutional, and folk proverbial words. Case analyses are conducted based on official texts and published translations of national and provincial ICH folk heritage entries. The research reveals that literal translation plus transliteration with notes works well for material culture-loaded words; free translation combined with sentence restructuring is preferred for ritual-behavioral terms; general expressions with simplified explanations suit appellation and institutional terms; and domestication together with free translation and omission can be adopted for folk proverbs. It concludes that communicative translation theory can guide the English translation of ICH folk texts. By applying differentiated translation strategies to various culture-loaded words, translators can preserve cultural features while ensuring smooth communication. The findings offer theoretical support and practical references for the external publicity translation of intangible cultural heritage.