共同富裕视域下城乡养老保障发展困境与优化路径研究

Research on the Development Challenges and Optimization Pathways of Urban-Rural Pension Security under the Perspective of Common Prosperity

摘要: 基于共同富裕与城乡养老保障的内在耦合逻辑，立足我国养老保障制度全覆盖、服务体系逐步完善、一体化改革持续推进的发展现状，本文系统剖析当前城乡养老发展存在的制度二元分割固化、养老服务供给失衡、城乡待遇悬殊、治理与财政分担机制滞后、参保激励与基金运行能力不足等现实困境。研究发现，城乡养老发展的核心症结在于长期二元结构形成的制度路径依赖、资源配置错位与治理体系短板。本文从制度革新、资源下沉、待遇提质、治理优化、长效运维等维度提出系统性优化路径，旨在破除城乡养老发展壁垒，以期为推动城乡养老保障高质量发展、促进共同富裕提供理论参考和实践启示。

Abstract: Based on the inherent coupling logic between common prosperity and urban-rural pension security, and taking into account the current development status of China’s pension security system, which features full coverage, gradually improving service systems, and continuously advancing integrated reforms, this paper systematically analyzes the current practical dilemmas in urban-rural pension development, including the solidified institutional dual segmentation, imbalanced supply of pension services, significant disparities in urban-rural treatment, lagging governance and fiscal sharing mechanisms, and insufficient incentives for participation and fund operation capabilities. The research finds that the core crux of urban-rural pension development lies in the institutional path dependence formed by the long-term dual structure, misallocation of resources, and shortcomings in the governance system. This paper proposes a systematic optimization path from the dimensions of institutional innovation, resource sinking, quality improvement of treatment, governance optimization, and long-term operation and maintenance, aiming to break down barriers to urban-rural pension development. It hopes to provide theoretical reference and practical insights for promoting high-quality development of urban-rural pension security and promoting common prosperity.