赫斯特豪斯美德伦理学的儒家注脚——基于儒家典故与经典情景案例的分析

A Confucian Footnote to Hursthouse’s Virtue Ethics—An Analysis Based on Confucian Anecdotes and Classic Scenario Cases

摘要: 美德伦理学在当代开始复兴并日益壮大，国内对于美德伦理学的研究也日益增多，同样强调德行、实践、美德者(君子)的儒家学说往往被拿来与美德伦理学做比较。但是，更值得关注和思考的是如何帮助美德伦理学发展得更好，来自中国古典的德性论不仅可以在理论层面与美德伦理学相通，也能够提供记录在案的典故与案例作为论据加强理论的效力。为此，笔者尝试梳理儒家传统中关乎行为以及行为者美德品质的内容，并以此为指导原则，分析典籍中面对道德两难困境的案例。通过考察案例中的抉择及其结果，本文旨在帮助强化赫斯特豪斯在《美德伦理学》第一部分中关于美德伦理学与行为的论证。

Abstract: Virtue ethics has experienced a contemporary renaissance and grown increasingly robust. Concurrently, domestic research on virtue ethics has proliferated. Given its shared emphasis on moral conduct, education, practice, and the virtuous individual (the junzi), Confucianism is frequently compared with virtue ethics. However, as scholar Yong Huang rightly points out, a more pressing endeavor is to explore how Confucianism can help virtue ethics develop further. The virtue theory of classical Chinese Confucianism not only aligns with virtue ethics at the theoretical level but also provides documented anecdotes and classic case studies that serve as arguments to strengthen the validity of the theory. This paper attempts to systematically examine the qualities of virtuous action within the Confucian tradition. By using these qualities as guiding principles for action, this study analyzes cases of moral dilemmas recorded in classical texts. By investigating the choices made and the outcomes of handling such dilemmas, this paper aims to reinforce Rosalind Hursthouse’s arguments regarding virtue ethics and action in Part I of her book On Virtue Ethics.