植物源抑藻物质对铜绿微囊藻及毒素的影响
Effects of Plant-Derived Algicides on Microcystis aeruginosa and Microcystins
摘要: 淡水蓝藻水华对水生态系统稳定性和水环境安全构成威胁，铜绿微囊藻的过度增殖及部分藻株产生的微囊藻毒素增加了水华治理的复杂性。传统物理、化学控藻方法在持续控制效果和生态风险方面存在一定局限，植物源抑藻物质因此受到关注。围绕植物提取物、植物源活性单体和缓释制剂的组成及作用特点，综述其对铜绿微囊藻生长、光合作用、氧化应激、细胞结构及代谢过程的影响，并系统比较微囊藻毒素(microcystins, MCs)的合成相关调控、细胞内外分布和不同变体响应。已有研究显示，多种植物源物质具有抑藻活性，但光合功能改变、氧化还原失衡及细胞损伤的表现随物质类型、剂量和暴露时间而变化；藻细胞数量下降也不必然伴随胞内外MCs同步降低。进一步归纳了材料提取与制剂化、环境条件及非靶标效应对应用评价的影响，指出毒素分区监测、作用机制验证与复杂水体试验仍是研究薄弱环节。植物源抑藻物质的开发应兼顾藻量控制、MCs风险和生态安全，为其在蓝藻水华防控中的合理应用提供参考。
Abstract: Cyanobacterial blooms threaten the stability of freshwater ecosystems and water quality. The proliferation of Microcystis aeruginosa and microcystin production by some strains complicate bloom control. Physical and chemical control approaches have limitations related to sustained efficacy and ecological risks, prompting research into plant-derived algicidal substances. This review classifies plant extracts, chemically defined plant-derived compounds, and sustained-release formulations according to their composition and exposure characteristics. It summarizes their effects on the growth, photosynthesis, oxidative stress, cellular integrity, and metabolic processes of M. aeruginosa. Particular attention is given to changes in microcystins (MCs), including biosynthesis-related regulation, intracellular and extracellular distribution, and responses of individual variants. The available studies show that several plant-derived substances suppress algal growth, whereas changes in photosynthetic function, redox balance, and cellular integrity depend on compound type, dose, and exposure duration. Decreased cell abundance does not necessarily correspond to a reduction in intracellular or extracellular MCs. This review further summarizes the effects of material extraction and formulation, environmental conditions, and non-target effects on the assessment of practical applications. It highlights that compartment-specific monitoring of MCs, experimental verification of mechanisms of action, and testing in complex aquatic environments remain insufficiently addressed in current research. The development of plant-derived algicidal substances should balance the control of algal abundance, MCs-related risks, and ecological safety to inform their appropriate application in cyanobacterial bloom prevention and control.
文章引用：陈思乐, 汤占越, 黄星, 查世娇. 植物源抑藻物质对铜绿微囊藻及毒素的影响[J]. 环境保护前沿, 2026, 16(11): 1681-1691. https://doi.org/10.12677/aep.2026.1611169

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