敌意归因偏向的神经机制及功能性近红外光谱研究展望
Hostile Attribution Bias: Neural Mechanisms and Prospects for Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Research
摘要: 目的：梳理敌意归因偏向(HAB)的理论基础、行为后果及神经基础，重点分析功能性近红外光谱(fNIRS)在HAB研究中的应用价值，并探讨其在人际社会互动研究中的潜在拓展。方法：在整合社会信息加工理论、敌意偏向计算模型及相关神经科学研究的基础上，归纳功能磁共振成像、脑电与事件相关电位以及fNIRS等技术获得的HAB相关证据，并结合超扫描研究讨论人际神经同步(INS)的研究价值。同时比较不同研究在HAB操作性定义、实验范式和神经指标方面的差异，并讨论fNIRS超扫描在运动伪迹、共同输入和统计分析方面的主要方法学问题。结果：现有研究表明，HAB并非对应单一脑区，而可能涉及社会意图推断、心理化、威胁与显著性加工以及社会信息整合等多个功能系统。现有直接fNIRS证据较为有限，已有研究发现HAB与左侧腹内侧前额叶皮层(vmPFC)的神经活动模式相似性有关，但该研究并非双人超扫描，尚不能据此推断HAB与INS存在直接联系。结论：fNIRS具有便携性、实验环境限制较少等优势，为在自然社会情境中研究HAB提供了新的方法学可能。未来可结合fNIRS超扫描考察HAB个体差异与社会互动中INS之间的关系，并通过多模态研究进一步揭示HAB从个体认知偏差到人际互动的神经联系。HAB与INS之间的关系目前仍属于有待检验的理论假设。
Abstract: Objective: This review synthesizes the theoretical foundations, behavioral consequences, and neural correlates of hostile attribution bias (HAB), focusing on functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) and its potential for naturalistic social-interaction research. Methods: Integrating the social information-processing model and the Computations of Hostile Biases framework, we review evidence from fMRI, EEG/ERP, and fNIRS and evaluate hyperscanning and interpersonal neural synchronization (INS) as complementary approaches. Results: HAB is not localized to a single brain region but involves multiple systems supporting social intention inference/mentalizing, threat and salience processing, and social information integration. Direct fNIRS evidence remains scarce. One individual-level fNIRS study linked HAB to neural similarity in the left ventromedial prefrontal cortex, but it did not use two-person hyperscanning and therefore cannot establish an HAB-INS association. No stable neural marker of HAB has yet been identified. Conclusion: fNIRS is portable and ecologically suitable for studying HAB in naturalistic social contexts. Future hyperscanning studies should test whether HAB relates to INS while controlling motion artifacts, shared input, and physiological noise through video/motion tracking, short-channel regression, and permutation-based analyses. The HAB-INS link remains a testable hypothesis rather than an established finding.
文章引用：王海燕 (2026). 敌意归因偏向的神经机制及功能性近红外光谱研究展望. 心理学进展, 16(11), 124-132. https://doi.org/10.12677/ap.2026.1611533

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