川中丘陵畜禽养殖面源污染协同治理与种养循环模式集成研究——以资阳市为例

Integrated Study on Collaborative Control of Livestock and Poultry Breeding Non-Point Source Pollution and Planting-Breeding Circular Model in Hilly Areas of Central Sichuan—A Case of Ziyang City

摘要: 畜禽养殖面源污染是制约丘陵农业区绿色发展的突出问题。本文以四川省资阳市为研究对象，针对该市丘陵地形特征与“生猪养殖 + 特色种植”产业格局，构建了“UASB–芬顿–阶梯式人工湿地”协同治理技术体系，并基于安岳柠檬与乐至粮食两大主导产业，设计了差异化“养殖–废弃物–种植”种养循环模式。中试表明：组合工艺对COD、NH₃-N、TP、SS的累积去除率均达92%以上，出水达《畜禽养殖业污染物排放标准》(GB 18596-2001)^①一级标准，30批次样品达标率为100%；按300 m³/d测算吨水净运行成本为2.00~2.50元，较同口径“UASB–SBR–人工湿地”工艺低15%~20%。养分平衡核算显示，化肥替代率14.0%~22.7%、粪污资源化利用率93.2%，与模式设定的化肥减量15%、资源化利用率93%以上的目标相符。本研究可为川中丘陵农业区畜禽养殖面源污染治理提供技术参考。

Abstract: Non-point source pollution from livestock and poultry breeding is a prominent constraint on the green development of hilly agricultural areas. Taking Ziyang City, Sichuan Province as the research object, this study developed a collaborative treatment technology system of “UASB-Fenton-stepped constructed wetland” targeting the city’s hilly terrain and its industrial pattern of “pig breeding + characteristic planting”, and designed differentiated “breeding-waste-cultivation” planting-breeding circular models based on the two leading industries of Anyue lemon and Lezhi grain. Pilot-scale results showed that the cumulative removal rates of COD, NH₃-N, TP, and SS by the combined process all exceeded 92%; the effluent met the Class I standard of the “Discharge Standard of Pollutants for Livestock and Poultry Breeding” (GB 18596-2001), with a 100% compliance rate over 30 batches. At a scale of 300 m³/d, the net operating cost was 2.00~2.50 RMB per ton of wastewater, which was 15%~20% lower than that of a “UASB-SBR-constructed wetland” process estimated on the same basis. Nutrient balance calculation showed that the chemical fertilizer substitution rate was 14.0%~22.7% and the manure resource utilization rate was 93.2%, consistent with the model targets of 15% fertilizer reduction and >93% resource utilization. This study can provide a technical reference for the control of non-point source pollution from livestock and poultry breeding in hilly agricultural areas of central Sichuan.