新疆乌苏市雾的变化特征及气象要素分析

Analysis of Fog Variation Characteristics and Meteorological Elements in Wusu City, Xinjiang

摘要: 利用2016~2025年乌苏国家基准气候站逐小时地面观测资料，统计分析乌苏市雾的变化特征及雾发生时地面气象要素变化规律，结果表明：近10年乌苏市雾的出现时数波动剧烈，2016和2023年是雾天高发期，出现雾时数分别为312小时和315小时，雾出现最早时间为10月中旬，最晚时间为4月下旬。雾日在10月至次年4月均出现，季节差异显著，冬季雾最频繁、强度最高，夏季完全无雾，春秋为过渡阶段。大雾出现频次与总雾时数的日变化趋势高度一致，整体呈典型的双峰型分布，主峰值出现在11时，对应09~12时为高频时段；次峰值出现在夜间23时，对应21时至次日02时为次高频时段。大雾、浓雾及强浓雾主要集中出现在相对湿度85%~100%区间，总占比86%，各级雾事件的占比高值集中于2~8℃日温差区间内，集中出现在0~2 m/s的弱风速环境中，北风、东北风为雾天气主导风向。

Abstract: Utilizing hourly ground observation data from the Wusu National Benchmark Climate Station spanning 2016 to 2025, this study statistically analyzes the characteristics of fog changes in Wusu City and the patterns of ground meteorological element variations during fog occurrences. The results indicate that the occurrence hours of fog in Wusu City have fluctuated significantly over the past decade. The years 2016 and 2023 were periods with high fog occurrences, with 312 hours and 315 hours of fog, respectively. The earliest occurrence of fog occurred in mid-October, while the latest was in late April. Fog days occurred from October to April of the following year, exhibiting significant seasonal differences. Fog was most frequent and intense in winter, completely absent in summer, and transitioning in spring and autumn. The frequency of heavy fog occurrences closely aligns with the daily variation trend of total fog hours, exhibiting a typical bimodal distribution. The primary peak occurs at 11:00, with a high-frequency period from 09:00 to 12:00; the secondary peak occurs at 23:00 during the night, with a sub-high-frequency period from 21:00 to 02:00 the following day. Heavy fog, dense fog, and very dense fog mainly occur within a relative humidity range of 85% to 100%, accounting for 86% of the total. The high proportion of various fog events is concentrated within a daily temperature difference range of 2~8˚C, predominantly occurring in weak wind speeds of 0~2 m/s. North and northeast winds are the dominant wind directions during foggy weather.