浅析吐鲁番市近十年人居环境气候条件分析

Analysis of Climatic Conditions of Human Settlement Environment in Turpan in the Past Decade

摘要: 本文基于吐鲁番市2015~2024年的气象数据和2021~2024年的空气质量数据，采用线性趋势分析、人体舒适度指数计算及皮尔逊相关分析等方法，系统研究了吐鲁番近十年气候要素的演变规律、人居气候舒适度的季节性特征，并重点探究了气象条件与空气质量之间的耦合关系。结果表明：(1) 近10年吐鲁番市气候暖干化特征显著，年平均气温、日照时数、年平均风速呈上升趋势，相对湿度、降水量显著下降。(2) 人居舒适度季节性差异明显，全年舒适时段集中在3~5月、9~10月，其中3~4月、10月人居舒适日数最多，月平均舒适日数达28.8~30.7天，占全年舒适总日数的59.3%。(3) 气象要素对空气质量影响显著，气温升高、风速增大、气压降低可促进污染物扩散，改善空气质量。相对湿度升高，降水量减少易造成污染物堆积，不利于空气质量提升；人体舒适度指数与空气质量指数呈显著负相关，除冬季存在轻度至中度污染、人居舒适度偏低外，春、夏、秋季空气质量以良为主，人居气候条件整体适宜。

Abstract: Based on meteorological data of Turpan from 2015 to 2024 and air quality data from 2021 to 2024, this paper adopts linear trend analysis, human comfort index calculation, Pearson correlation analysis and other methods to systematically investigate the evolution of climatic elements in Turpan over the past decade, the seasonal characteristics of human settlement climatic comfort, and emphatically explore the coupling relationship between meteorological conditions and air quality. The results show that: (1) Turpan presents an obvious warming and drying climate trend in the recent 10 years. The annual average temperature, sunshine duration and annual average wind speed are on the rise, while relative humidity and precipitation decrease significantly. (2) Human settlement comfort has obvious seasonal variations. The annual comfortable periods are concentrated in March-May and September-October. March-April and October have the maximum number of comfortable days, with the monthly average comfortable days ranging from 28.8 to 30.7 days, accounting for 59.3% of the total comfortable days in a whole year. (3) Meteorological factors exert significant effects on air quality. Rising temperature, increasing wind speed and decreasing atmospheric pressure can facilitate the diffusion of pollutants and improve air quality. Increased relative humidity and reduced precipitation are liable to cause pollutant accumulation and degrade air quality. There is a significant negative correlation between human comfort index and air quality index. Mild to moderate pollution occurs in winter accompanied by low human comfort level; the air quality is mainly rated as good in spring, summer and autumn, and the overall climatic conditions for human living are favorable.