行政处罚中主观过错条款的适用研究

A Study on the Application of the Subjective Fault Clause in Administrative Penalties

摘要: 《行政处罚法》第三十三条第二款确立了主观过错条款，意味着我国行政处罚领域由原来的客观归责立场转向了主观归责立场，主观过错作为应受行政处罚行为的构成要件被确立下来。但在行政执法的适用过程中，由于立法设计层面关于主观过错条款的相关规定较为笼统，缺乏具体操作规范，使得实践应用反映出该条款在举证规则、证明标准、例外规定等方面诸多亟待解决的问题。为实现主观过错条款更好地适用于实践，需要对相关问题提出具有针对性的、可操作的优化建议。

Abstract: Paragraph 2 of Article 33 of the “Administrative Punishment Law” establishes the subjective fault clause, marking a shift in China’s administrative penalty framework from the traditional objective liability approach to a subjective liability approach, thereby recognizing subjective fault as a constitutive element of acts subject to administrative penalties. However, in the practical application of administrative law enforcement, the relatively vague nature of the relevant legislative provisions governing the subjective fault clause and the absence of specific operational guidelines have led to numerous pressing issues in its implementation, particularly regarding evidentiary rules, proof standards, and exception provisions. To ensure that the subjective fault clause can be effectively applied in practice, it is necessary to propose targeted and actionable recommendations for optimizing its implementation.