浅析释意理论视角下文化负载词的俄汉字幕翻译策略——以俄罗斯电影《圣诞树1：爸爸是总统》为例

An Analysis of Russian-Chinese Subtitle Translation Strategies for Culture-Loaded Words from the Perspective of Interpretive Theory—A Case Study of the Russian Film Yolki 1

摘要: 近年来，伴随着新媒体与视听产业快速发展，中俄两国文化交流日益频繁，各类视听节目如影视、演讲、访谈、纪录片等互译需求激增，视听翻译成为语言沟通与文化交流的重要桥梁。然而，中俄历史、思维与语言的深层差异，使翻译中频繁遭遇文化空缺、语义错位、语用冲突、认知偏差及意象冲突，甚至陷入不可译困境。而极具民族文化标识性的文化负载词，更是视听翻译攻坚的核心痛点。法国释意理论所提出的三角模型与意义优先原则，能够为文化负载词的翻译提供有效理论指引，助力跨文化交流。基于此，本文以俄罗斯电影《圣诞树1：爸爸是总统》为研究对象，探析释意理论视角下文化负载词的字幕翻译策略，以期为视听作品跨文化传播提供参考思路。

Abstract: In recent years, with the rapid development of new media and the audiovisual industry, cultural exchanges between China and Russia have become increasingly frequent. The demand for translation of various audiovisual programs such as films, speeches, interviews and documentaries has surged, and audiovisual translation has served as an important bridge for linguistic communication and cultural exchange. Nevertheless, profound disparities in history, modes of thinking, and linguistic systems between China and Russia frequently give rise to cultural gaps, semantic misalignment, pragmatic conflicts, cognitive biases, and image clashes in translation, even leading to the dilemma of untranslatability. Culture-loaded words with distinctive national-cultural markers constitute a core bottleneck in audiovisual translation practice. The triangular model and sense-first principle put forward by the French Interpretive Theory can provide effective theoretical guidance for translating culture-loaded words and facilitate cross-cultural communication. Accordingly, this paper takes the Russian film Yolki 1 as its research object to explore subtitle translation strategies for culture-loaded words from the perspective of Interpretive Theory, in the hope of providing references for the cross-cultural dissemination of audiovisual works.