掺氢输送条件下九类管线钢氢脆敏感性对比研究

Comparative Study on Hydrogen Embrittlement Susceptibility of Nine Pipeline Steel Grades under Hydrogen-Blended Transportation Conditions

摘要: 为明确不同钢级管线钢在氢环境下的脆化规律，解决现有研究数据分散、横向可比性不足的问题，系统梳理了L245、X42、X52、X60、X65、X70、X80、X90、X100共九类管线钢的氢脆试验数据，以断面收缩率损失率为核心指标构建氢脆敏感性评价框架，分析了钢级、环境条件、试样几何、充氢方式对氢脆敏感性的影响规律，探讨了相近条件下数据分散的成因。结果显示，低钢级管线钢在低掺氢条件下氢脆风险可控，但缺口与焊缝部位应力集中会显著加剧氢脆；中钢级氢脆敏感性受杂质气体与保压时间影响显著；高钢级氢脆敏感性随强度提升而增大，焊缝与母材差异可达5~10倍。数据分散主要是因为充氢方式、试验标准、微观组织等差异。研究结果可为输氢管道选材与安全评价提供参考。

Abstract: To clarify the embrittlement behavior of pipeline steels of different grades in hydrogen environments and to address the problems of scattered existing data and insufficient cross-comparability, this study systematically reviewed hydrogen embrittlement test data for nine pipeline steel grades, namely L245, X42, X52, X60, X65, X70, X80, X90, and X100. Using the reduction-of-area loss rate as the core index, an evaluation framework for hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility was established. The effects of steel grade, environmental conditions, specimen geometry, and hydrogen charging method on hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility were analyzed, and the causes of data scatter under similar conditions were discussed. The results show that low-grade pipeline steels have controllable hydrogen embrittlement risk under low hydrogen blending ratios, but stress concentration at notches and welds can significantly aggravate hydrogen embrittlement. The hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility of medium-grade pipeline steels is significantly affected by impurity gases and holding time. For high-grade pipeline steels, hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility increases with increasing strength, and the difference between weld and base metal can reach 5~10 times. Data scatter is mainly attributed to differences in hydrogen charging methods, testing standards, and microstructures. The findings can provide a reference for material selection and safety assessment of hydrogen transportation pipelines.