中小学教师健康管理服务需求意向调查

Investigation of Health Management Service Demand Intentions among Primary and Secondary School Teachers

摘要: 目的：了解中小学教师健康状况、健康管理服务需求及形式偏好，分析需求意向的影响因素，为学校开展教师健康管理提供依据。方法：于2026年上半年采用横断面调查设计，通过线上问卷面向中小学在职教师开展调查。研究对象来源为研究者可触达的中小学教师群体，共回收问卷247份，经完整性、重复性和逻辑一致性筛查后获得有效问卷197份，有效率为79.8%。问卷包括一般资料、健康状况、健康管理认知与需求、服务接受意愿及形式偏好等内容。采用Excel建立数据库，SPSS进行统计分析；计数资料以人数和构成比表示，组间比较采用χ²检验或Fisher确切概率法，以专业健康管理服务需求意向为因变量进行二元Logistic回归分析。结果：调查对象中女性175人(88.8%)，36~49岁107人(54.3%)，教龄 ≥ 21年125人(63.5%)。每年体检者158人(80.2%)，规律运动者68人(34.5%)。192人(97.5%)至少存在1项健康问题，颈椎或腰椎不适、咽喉或声带不适、视疲劳、睡眠不足或失眠和情绪压力较大的报告率分别为81.2%、67.0%、66.0%、63.5%和50.8%。≥50岁组视疲劳率高于<50岁组，中学组睡眠不足或失眠率高于小学组(均P < 0.05)。非常愿意或比较愿意接受专业健康管理服务者172人(87.3%)，不同年龄和任教阶段间明确需求率差异无统计学意义；154人(78.2%)需要疾病复查提醒，且≥50岁组该项需求更高。服务形式以学校统一组织最受欢迎(51.3%)，其次为医院或体检中心(38.6%)。单因素分析显示，定期体检、慢性病或肌肉关节疾病、视疲劳与需求意向有关(P < 0.05)。多因素分析显示，每日工作 > 10 h (OR = 0.173, 95%CI: 0.031~0.970)和非每年体检(OR = 0.340, 95%CI: 0.125~0.924)者形成明确需求意向的可能性较低。结论：中小学教师职业相关健康问题突出，健康管理需求较高。应以学校组织、医疗机构专业支持和连续随访相结合，提供分层、便利且注重隐私的健康管理服务。

Abstract: Objective: To understand the health status of primary and secondary school teachers, their demands for health management services and preferences for service forms, analyze the influencing factors of demand intention, and provide evidence for carrying out health management for teachers in schools. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among in-service primary and secondary school teachers using online questionnaires in the first half of 2026. The participants were primary and secondary school teachers accessible to the researchers. A total of 247 questionnaires were collected. After screening for completeness, duplication and logical consistency, 197 valid questionnaires were obtained, with an effective rate of 79.8%. The questionnaire covered general information, health status, awareness of and demand for health management, willingness to accept services and service form preferences. Excel was used to establish the database and SPSS was applied for statistical analysis. Enumeration data were described by case numbers and constituent ratios. Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test was adopted for inter-group comparison. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed with the intention to demand professional health management services as the dependent variable. Results: Among the respondents, 175 (88.8%) were female, 107 (54.3%) were aged 36~49 years, and 125 (63.5%) had teaching experience of ≥21 years. 158 (80.2%) received annual physical examinations, and 68 (34.5%) kept regular exercise. 192 participants (97.5%) had at least one health problem. The reported prevalence rates of cervical or lumbar discomfort, throat or vocal cord discomfort, visual fatigue, insufficient sleep or insomnia, and high emotional stress were 81.2%, 67.0%, 66.0%, 63.5% and 50.8%, respectively. The prevalence of visual fatigue in the group aged ≥ 50 years was higher than that in the group aged < 50 years, and the prevalence of insufficient sleep or insomnia in middle school teachers was higher than that in primary school teachers (all P < 0.05). 172 respondents (87.3%) were very willing or relatively willing to receive professional health management services. There was no statistically significant difference in the definite demand rate among groups of different ages and teaching stages. 154 respondents (78.2%) required reminders for disease re-examination, and this demand was higher in the ≥50 years group. The most popular service mode was unified organization by schools (51.3%), followed by hospitals or physical examination centers (38.6%). Univariate analysis showed that regular physical examination, chronic diseases or musculoskeletal diseases, and visual fatigue were associated with demand intention (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that teachers with daily working hours > 10 hours (OR = 0.173, 95%CI: 0.031~0.970) and those without annual physical examinations (OR = 0.340, 95%CI: 0.125~0.924) were less likely to have definite demand intention. Conclusion: Primary and secondary school teachers have prominent occupation-related health problems and high demand for health management. Health management services with stratification, convenience and privacy protection should be provided by combining school organization, professional support from medical institutions and continuous follow-up.