大型地采矿山掘进装备与辅助作业系统改造技术的研究与应用

Research and Application of Retrofitting Technologies for Excavation Equipment and Auxiliary Operation Systems in Large-Scale Underground Mines

摘要: 针对大型地采矿山在三级矿量衔接紧张、工程空间受限、现有设备利用率不足等复杂约束条件下，如何通过装备改造与辅助作业革新快速释放开拓系统效率的难题，本文以唐首马铁矿开拓工程为背景，开展了掘进装备与辅助作业系统改造技术的研究与应用。研究首先针对传统井下管道安装需动火作业的安全隐患，研发了预制挂钩无火固定技术，采用Φ20 mm螺纹钢在地表预制成标准化“J”型或“L”型挂钩，配合膨胀螺栓实现井下无火快速安装；其次，针对喷浆台车速凝剂罐容量不足、需频繁出井加注的瓶颈，首创“水泥罐车随车携带速凝剂”协同作业模式，通过加装920 L专用容器并系统集成，变“台车出井加注”为“罐车现场补给”；同时，针对传统全站仪测量安全风险高、效率低下的问题，引入基于SLAM技术的三维激光扫描仪实现井下空间数字化测量。现场应用表明：管道安装实现无火化作业，年产生经济效益超100万元；单班喷浆量增加3车，年创效益108万元；测量队伍由4人减少至1人，日验收巷道能力由1条提升至10条，年均节约人工及相关成本约36万元。该技术路线为同类老旧矿山挖潜增效提供了可复制的完整解决方案。

Abstract: Large-scale underground mines often face complex constraints, such as tight transitions between ore reserve categories, limited working space, and low utilization rates of existing equipment. Addressing the challenge of rapidly enhancing the efficiency of development systems through equipment retrofitting and auxiliary operation innovation, this paper—based on the development projects at the Tangshan Shougang Malanzhuang Iron Mine—explores the research and application of retrofitting technologies for excavation equipment and auxiliary operation systems. First, to mitigate the safety risks associated with traditional underground pipeline installation (which often requires hot work), a “hot-work-free” installation method using prefabricated hooks was developed. Standardized “J” or “L” shaped hooks, fabricated on the surface from 20 mm diameter rebar, are secured underground using expansion bolts, enabling rapid, flame-free installation. Second, to overcome the bottleneck of insufficient accelerator tank capacity on shotcreting rigs—which previously necessitated frequent trips to the surface for refilling—a collaborative operational model was pioneered: transporting the accelerator via a cement tanker. By integrating a dedicated 920-liter container into the system, the process was shifted from “rig returning to the surface for refilling” to “on-site replenishment from the tanker”. Furthermore, to address the safety risks and low efficiency inherent in traditional total-station surveying, a 3D laser scanner based on SLAM (Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) technology was introduced for the digital measurement of underground spaces. Field applications demonstrate that the hot-work-free pipeline installation method generates an annual economic benefit exceeding 1 million RMB. The shotcreting capacity has increased by three truckloads per shift, yielding an annual benefit of 1.08 million RMB. Additionally, the surveying team has been reduced from four personnel to one, while the daily capacity for tunnel inspection and acceptance has risen from one tunnel to ten, resulting in annual savings of approximately 360,000 RMB in labor and related costs. This technical approach offers a replicable, comprehensive solution for unlocking potential and increasing efficiency in similar aging mines.