数字普惠金融赋能农村电商发展的作用机制及现实约束

The Mechanism and Practical Constraints of Digital Inclusive Finance Empowering Rural E-Commerce Development

摘要: 在乡村振兴战略与数字经济深入发展的背景下，农村电商逐渐成为推动农业增效、农民增收和县域经济转型的重要抓手。然而，受制于融资渠道狭窄、信用积累不足、支付结算效率偏低以及风险抵御能力较弱等因素，农村电商经营主体的发展仍面临较多制约因素。数字普惠金融依托移动支付、大数据风控与平台技术，为农村电商提供了新的金融支持路径。本文在既有研究基础上，运用文献分析与理论归纳方法，对数字普惠金融赋能农村电商发展的主要机制进行系统梳理，并进一步分析其制约因素。研究认为，数字普惠金融主要通过缓解融资约束、优化支付结算效率、促进信用积累与经营数据沉淀等方式推动农村电商发展，但其作用发挥仍受到基础设施薄弱、经营主体能力不足以及算法识别偏差等因素制约。基于此，本文提出开发差异化金融产品、完善平台协同机制、加强主体能力培训与健全算法监管体系等政策建议，以期为数字经济背景下农村电商高质量发展提供参考。

Abstract: Against the background of the in-depth development of the rural revitalization strategy and digital economy, rural e-commerce has gradually become an important driving force for improving agricultural efficiency, increasing farmers’ income, and promoting county-level economic transformation. However, the development of rural e-commerce operators is still constrained by limited financing channels, insufficient credit accumulation, low payment and settlement efficiency, and weak risk resistance. Relying on mobile payment, big data-based risk control, and platform technology, digital inclusive finance provides a new path of financial support for rural e-commerce. Based on existing studies, this paper adopts literature analysis and theoretical induction to systematically examine the main mechanisms through which digital inclusive finance empowers rural e-commerce development, and further analyzes its practical constraints. The study finds that digital inclusive finance mainly promotes rural e-commerce by easing financing constraints, optimizing payment and settlement efficiency, and facilitating credit accumulation and operational data deposition. Nevertheless, its effectiveness is still restricted by weak infrastructure, insufficient capabilities of business entities, and algorithmic identification bias. Accordingly, this paper proposes policy suggestions such as developing differentiated financial products, improving platform-based coordination mechanisms, strengthening capacity training for business entities, and enhancing the synergy mechanism on the platform, so as to provide references for the high-quality development of rural e-commerce in the digital economy era.