应用语言学视角下国内老年语言研究综述

A Review of Domestic Research on Gerontolinguistics from the Perspective of Applied Linguistics

摘要: 在人口老龄化国家战略的宏观背景下，老年语言学作为一门新兴交叉学科，其研究兼具重要的理论价值与现实意义。本文基于应用语言学视角，采用系统性文献综述法，对源自中国知网(CNKI)的45篇核心文献进行梳理与分析，旨在绘制国内老年语言学的研究图谱。基于本样本的分析表明，国内老年语言学研究在本次抽样的核心文献中三大核心方向：一是关注老年人在家庭、机构及数字媒介中的身份建构与话语互动；二是着眼于语言服务和政策规划，致力于构建适老化的社会语言支持体系；三是探索语言与认知健康的关联，推动语言特征在老年认知评估和临床干预中的应用。研究指出，中国老年语言学的发展在本样本范围内呈现出由国家政策驱动、重大项目引领的鲜明特征，但在理论深度、方法交叉及应用转化方面仍面临挑战。受样本量与检索范围限制，上述结论的适用范围应限定于本次抽样的核心文献。未来研究应加强本土化理论建构，深化历时追踪、多模态分析等交叉方法的应用，推动研究成果向普惠性社会服务与临床指南的有效转化，并积极参与全球老龄议题的对话，贡献中国智慧。

Abstract: Against the macro backdrop of China’s national strategy on population aging, gerontolinguistics, as an emerging interdisciplinary field, holds significant theoretical value and practical relevance. From the perspective of applied linguistics, this study employs a systematic literature review to analyze 45 core documents sourced from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), aiming to map the research landscape of gerontolinguistics in China. Based on the analysis of this sample, the study finds that within the core literature sampled, domestic research on language and aging presents three core directions: first, examining identity construction and discursive interaction among older adults within family, institutional, and digital media contexts; second, focusing on language services and policy planning to build age-friendly sociolinguistic support systems; and third, exploring the relationship between language and cognitive health, thereby advancing the application of linguistic features in cognitive assessment and clinical interventions for older adults. The study indicates that, within the scope of this sample, the development of gerontolinguistics in China exhibits distinctive features of being driven by national policies and led by major research projects, yet it still faces challenges regarding theoretical depth, methodological interdisciplinarity, and application translation. Limited by sample size and search scope, the above conclusions should be confined to the core literature sampled in this study. Future research should strengthen the construction of localized theories, deepen the application of longitudinal tracking and multimodal analysis, promote the effective translation of research outcomes into inclusive social services and clinical guidelines, and actively engage in dialogue on global aging issues to contribute Chinese wisdom.