人文与理性：博物馆展览的诗学与政治学

Humanity and Rationality: The Poetics and Politics of Museum Display

摘要: 1789年，法国大革命的爆发为公共博物馆的诞生创造了条件，从博物馆诞生之日起，以理性、秩序、民族国家、公众教育等要素为特色的启蒙精神和以艺术、文学、地方、民间习俗等要素为特色的浪漫主义一直伴随着博物馆的历史发展。从“构成主义”角度来说，博物馆与社会文化发展具有同构性，共同经历了一系列的意识形态与观念的变迁——大众教育的治理术、人类学的他者观、边缘文化(人群)的表征以及“诗学与政治学”的解构与反思。因此，作为博物馆“元叙事”的启蒙精神与浪漫主义双重性矛盾在博物馆空间内，以诗学与政治学的修辞手法不断地进行历史性的“展演”，并在不同时期平衡着博物馆自身存在的价值。

Abstract: In 1789, the outbreak of the French Revolution created the conditions of the birth of public mu-seums. From the date of birth of the museum, the spiritual enlightenment featuring the rational, the order, the nation-state, and the public education, and romanticism featuring art, literature, local folk customs had been accompanied by the historical development of the museum. From the constructionism perspective, social and cultural development of the museum had the isomorphism and the common experience of a series of changes of ideology and ideas—the governmentality of the public education, the anthropological concept of otherness, the representation of the edge culture (crowd), and “Poetics and politics” deconstruction and reflection. Therefore, as the museum “meta-narrative”, the spirit of the Enlightenment and Romanticism had the contradictory duality in the museum space to do constantly historic “performances” in a mean of “poetics and politics”, and of balance the museum’s own existence value of in different periods.