三维图形引擎综述

Review of Three-Dimensional Graphics Engine

摘要: 目的：虚拟现实是近年来出现的高新前沿技术，利用电脑高速计算，模拟产生一个虚拟的三维空间，让使用者拥有视觉、听觉、触觉等感官的模拟，如同亲历其境一般，可以实时、无限制地观察和体验三度空间内的所有事物。虚拟现实的软件技术基础是三维图形渲染技术，三维图形渲染技术也是三维图形引擎的核心。为使国内外三维图形研究者对三维图形引擎的理论，架构和原理有一个比较全面的认识，对其进行比较系统地综述。方法：通过对国内外大量的虚拟现实，三维引擎的知识进行总结，分类及比较，本文简要介绍了虚拟现实的定义，主要论述了三维图形引擎的研究现状，基本架构和绘制原理。结果：目前存在很多三维引擎，每个引擎的功能也许存在差异，不过在基本架构和绘制原理上是没有变的，改变的则是对架构中不同模块的组织，如何合理组织各个模块的关系，使引擎能发挥最大的性能。结论：三维图形引擎技术是虚拟现实技术的基础，目前仍然有许多需要克服的问题，针对不同的问题还需要进行深入地研究与学习。

Abstract: Objective: Virtual Reality is the high-tech advanced technology developed in recent years, calculated using high-speed computer to simulate a virtual three-dimension space. It allows users to have sensory simulation with vision, hearing, touch and so on. Users feel that they are in the area, and can observe all the thing in the three-dimensional space in real time and without limitation. The three-dimensional graphics rendering technology is not only the basis of software technique in virtual reality, but also the core of the three-dimensional graphics engine. In order to make more researchers have a more comprehensive understanding in 3D graphics engine theory, structure and principle, a detailed introduction was reviewed. Method: A large number of 3D engine theory were summarized, classified and compared. This paper introduces the definition of the virtual reality briefly, as well as mainly introducing the research status, basic structure and draw principle of the three-dimensional graphics engine. Result: So far, there are so many 3D engine with many differences, but the basic structure and drawing principle are the same. The change is how to organize the structure of each module. In order to make the engine has maximum performance, we should consider the relationship of each module. Conclusion: The 3D engine technology is the basis of virtual reality, and there are a number of problems we should overcome. Some problems also need further research.