反应风格与人格特质的关系

The Relationship between Response Styles and Personality Traits

摘要: 反应风格是指被试基于某些固定的倾向而不是基于具体的测验内容对题目做出选择。传统观点认为反应风格是一种系统的误差，而新近的观点发现反应风格很有可能是一种独特的人格变量。鉴于此，本研究在后者的视角下试图检验反应风格的类特质属性以及反应风格的影响因素。本研究采用大五人格问卷NEO-FFI以及语义反转的NEO-FFI分别对1200名高中生和1200名大学生进行了前后两次施测，时间间隔为1个月。计算两次测验中同一对题目相同答案的次数为反应风格的指标。结果发现：1) 中国被试默认肯定反应风格最多，依次是默认否定、折中、极端否定和极端肯定风格，且各种反应风格并不是独立存在的。2) 随着受教育程度的提高，各种反应风格均显著下降。性别在默认肯定风格和折中风格上主效应显著，性别与受教育程度在极端肯定风格以及折中风格上的交互作用显著。3) 各反应风格与人格特质的不同维度均存在不同程度和不同方向的相关。

Abstract: Response styles refer to respondents’ systematic tendency to answer questionnaire items on some basis other than the specific item content. The traditional opinions view response styles as a kind of system error, but the new viewpoints find that the response styles are more likely to be unique personality variables. Due to this, the present study is trying to examine the trait-like properties and the effect factors of response styles in the latter perspectives. This research adopts the Big Five Personality questionnaire NEO-FFI and semantic reversal of NEO-FFI measures 1200 high school students and 1200 undergraduates twice one month in between calculating the number of the same answer at each pair of items as response styles indicators in two tests. The findings were as follows: 1) The acquiescent response style is more than other response styles in Chinese respondents, then the disacquiescence response style, midpoint response style, positive extreme response style and negative extreme response style. All kinds of response styles are not independent. 2) All response styles were significantly reduced with the higher education. The main effect of gender on the acquiescent response style and midpoint response style were significant, and the interaction effect was significant on midpoint response style and positive extreme response style. 3) Each response styles were related to personality traits at different degree and direction.