小学生自我调节的发展研究

The Development of Children’s Self-Regulation in Elementary School

摘要: 为测查小学生自我调节的发展情况，采用家长评定问卷，对某小学一年级、三年级、五年级共240名学生的注意集中和抑制控制进行了为期一年的追踪测试。结果发现：1) 高年级小学生的注意集中水平更高，但抑制控制的年级差异不显著；2) 低年级小学生的抑制控制显著优于注意集中，但5-6年级小学生自我调节维度间的差异不显著；3) 随着年级的升高，抑制控制的发展稳定性逐渐增强，但注意集中发展稳定性的年级差异不显著。结论：尽管小学阶段，抑制控制的发展稳定性逐渐增强，但儿童的注意集中仍在持续发展，可见儿童自我调节的培养与促进需及早进行。

Abstract: To examine the development of children’s self-regulation in elementary school, pupils of grade 1, grade 3, and grade 5 in a primary school were selected and their parents finished the tests of at-tention focusing and inhibition control for them. And there was a one-year follow-up study with the same subjects and the same tests. The results were as follows: 1) High-grade students demon-strated higher attention focusing, but there was no significant difference in grades of students’ in-hibition control; 2) Younger children’s inhibition control was better than attention focusing, but this difference was not significant in grades 5-6; 3) The developmental stability of inhibition control increased gradually with the development of grades, but there was no significant difference in grades of the developmental stability of attention focusing. Although inhibition control was rela-tively stable in elementary school, children’s attention focusing presented an increasing tendency. Therefore, the cultivation and promotion of children’s self-regulation should be done as soon as possible.