主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)基因在小型哺乳动物中的研究进展
The Research of Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) Gene in Small Mammals
DOI: 10.12677/BP.2016.63007, PDF,   
作者: 何银忠, 陈金龙*, 严毅：昆明市海口林场，云南 昆明；王娟：云南师范大学文理学院，云南 昆明；杨涛：云南师范大学生命科学学院，云南 昆明
关键词: 主要组织相容性复合体；遗传多样性；小型哺乳动物；Major Histocompatibility Complex； Genetic Diversity； Small Mammals
摘要: MHC基因是一组多态性非常高的基因群。近年来，MHC基因的结构、功能、遗传学特性被越来越多的研究人员揭示。本文综述了MHC基因在小型哺乳动物中的研究，主要阐述了国内外小型哺乳动物MHC基因的多态性研究，重点包括其在种群遗传进化、基因结构上的研究进展。并对其研究前景进行展望。
Abstract: MHC gene is a group of highly polymorphic genes. The structure, function and genetic characteris-tics of MHC gene have been revealed, in recent years, by more and more researchers. This study reviews the MHC in small mammals’ research, mainly on the domestic and foreign small mammals MHC gene polymorphism, and pays attention to the population genetic evolution and gene structure. The future research is prospected.
文章引用：何银忠, 陈金龙, 严毅, 王娟, 杨涛. 主要组织相容性复合体(MHC)基因在小型哺乳动物中的研究进展[J]. 生物过程, 2016, 6(3): 48-52. https://dx.doi.org/10.12677/BP.2016.63007

参考文献

[1] 仲涛, 马月辉. MHC基因的研究进展[J]. 黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2008(5): 23-24.
[2] Hedrick, P.W. (1994) Evolutionary Genetics of the Major Histocompatibility Complex. American Naturalist, 143, 945- 964. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/285643 [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[3] Edwards, S.V., Chestnu, T.K., Satta, Y., et al. (1997) Ancestral Polymorphism of MHC Class II Genes in Mice: Implications for Balancing Selection and the Mammalian Molecular Clock. Genetics, 146, 655-668.
[4] Kelley, J., Walter, L. and Trowsdale, J. (2005) Com-parative Genomics of Major Histocompatibility Complexes. Immunogenetics, 56, 683-695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00251-004-0717-7 [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[5] The MHC Sequencing Consortium (1999) Complete Sequence and Gene Map of a Human Major Histocompatibility Complex. Nature, 401, 921-923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/44853 [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[6] Klein, J., Sato, A. and O’Huigin, C. (1998) Evolution by Gene Duplication in the Major Histocompatibility Complex. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics, 80, 123-127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000014967 [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[7] Oppelt, C., Wutzler, R. and von Holst, D. (2010) Characterisation of MHC Class II DRB Genes in the Northern Tree Shrew (Tupaia belangeri). Immunogenetics, 62, 613-622. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00251-010-0466-8 [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[8] Schad, J., Sommer, S. and Ganzhorn, J.U. (2004) MHC Variability of a Small Lemur in the Littoral Forest Fragments of Southeastern Madagascar. Conservation Genetics, 5, 299-309. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:COGE.0000031137.50239.d3 [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[9] Erlich, H.A. and Bugawan, T.L. (1990) HLA DNA Typing. In: Innis, M.A., Gelfand, D.H., Sninsky, J.J. and White, T.J., Eds., PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications, Academic Press, New York, 261-271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-372180-8.50036-6 [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[10] Klein, J., Bontrop, R.E., Dawkins, R.L., Erlich, H.A., Gyllensten, U.B., Heise, E.R., Jones, P.P., Parham, P., Wakeland, E.K. and Watkins, D.I. (1990) Nomenclature for the Major Histocompatibility Complexes of Different Species: A Proposal. Immunogenetics, 31, 217-219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00204890 [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[11] Axtner, J. and Sommer, S. (2007) Gene Duplication, Allelic Diversity, Selection Processes and Adaptive Value of MHC Class II DRB Genes of the Bank Vole, Clethrionomys glareolus. Immunogenetics, 59, 417-426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00251-007-0205-y [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[12] Archie, E.A., Henry, T., Maldonado, J.E., Moss, C.J., Poole, J.H., Pearson, V.R., Murray, S., Alberts, S.C. and Fleischer, R.C. (2010) Major Histocompatibility Complex Variation and Evolution at a Single, Expressed DQA Locus in Two Genera of Elephants. Immunogenetics, 62, 85-100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00251-009-0413-8 [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[13] Hauswaldt, J.S., Stuckas, H., Pfautsch, S. and Tiedemann, R. (2007) Mole-cular Characterization of MHC Class II in a Nonmodel Anuran Species, the Fire-Bellied Toad Bombina bombina. Immunogenetics, 59, 479-491. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00251-007-0210-1 [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[14] Brown, J.H., Jardetzky, T.S., Gorga, J.C., Stern, L.J., Urban, R.G., Stromin-ger, J.L. and Wiley, D.C. (1993) Three- Dimensional Structure of the Human Class II Histocompatibility Antigen HLA-DR1. Nature, 364, 33-39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/364033a0 [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[15] Barnard, C.J., Kulis, K., Behnke, J.M., Bajer, A., Gromadzka-Ostowska, J., Stachon, M. and Sinski, E. (2003) Local Variation in Helminth Burdens of Bank Voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) from Ecologically Similar Sites: Temporal Stability and Relationships with Hormone Concentrations and Social Behaviour. Helminthology, 77, 185-195. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/JOH2003194 [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[16] Behnke, J.M., Barnard, C.J., Bajer, A., Bray, A., Dinmore, J., Frake, K., Osmond, J., Race, T. and Sinski, E. (2001) Variation in the Helminth Community Structure in Bank Voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) from Three Comparable Localities in the Mazury Lake District Region of Poland. Parasitology, 123, 401-414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0031182001008605 [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[17] Axtner, J. and Sommer, S. (2007) Gene Duplication, Allelic Diversity, Selection Processes and Adaptive Value of MHC Class II DRB Genes of the Bank Vole, Clethrionomys glareolus. Immunogenetics, 59, 417-426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00251-007-0205-y [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[18] Nei, M. and Gojobori, T. (1986) Simple Methods for Estimating the Numbers of Synonymous and Nonsynonymous Nucleotide Substitutions. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 3, 418-426.
[19] Jukes, T.H. and Cantor, C.R. (1969) Evolution of Protein Molecules. In: Munroe, H.N, Ed., Mammalian Protein Metabolism, Academic, New York. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-4832-3211-9.50009-7 [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[20] Babik, W., Durka, W. and Radwan, J. (2005) Sequence Diversity of the MHC DRB Gene in the Eurasian Beaver (Castor Fiber). Molecular Ecology, 14, 4249-4257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02751.x [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] 
[21] Parham, P. and Otha, T. (1996) Population Biology of Antigen Pres-entation by MHC Class I Molecules. Science, 272, 67-74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.272.5258.67 [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
[22] 于晓云, 黄华, 陈平, 郑荣泉. 两栖动物MHC基因研究进展[J]. 四川动物, 2011(6): 998-1002.