启动效应中的语义相关

The Semantic Correlation of Priming Effect

摘要: 启动效应是在启动刺激作用下加工目标刺激时，在速度、正确率和反应倾向上发生变化的过程。在对启动效应机制的探讨上主要有基于联想关系的激活扩散模型和符合线索理论以及基于语义相关的分布记忆模型两大阵营。本研究采用眼动研究技术探讨了启动效应是基于语义相关还是基于联想关系的问题。实验采用单自变量三水平(语义距离：1、3和5)的被试内设计，测量了30名大学生的图形语义判断过程。结果表明，在排除其它因素的影响下，语义距离越大，眼动反应越强，启动效应越弱；语义距离越小，眼动反应越弱，启动效应越强。启动效应以语义相关为基础，而不以联想关系为基础。本研究支持了启动效应的分布记忆模型。

Abstract: Priming effect is the changing of processing target stimulus in the speed, accuracy and reaction tendency under the action of priming stimulus. There are three kinds of model of priming effects: spreading-activation model, compound-cue theory and distributed memory model. The former two theories are based on the associative relationship priming effect theory, the last theory is based on the theory of semantic correlation of priming effect. The research discussed the problem that the priming effect is based on the semantic correlation or based on the associative relationship adopting the eye movement research techniques. The experiment is within-subjects design by a single independent variable of three levels (semantic distance: 1, 3, and 5). It measured the graphical semantic judgment process of 30 college students. Results show that the bigger the se-mantic distance is, the stronger the eye reaction is, the weaker the priming effect is; the smaller the semantic distance is, the weaker the eye response is, the stronger the priming effect under controlling for other factors is. Priming effect is not based on the associative relationship, but based on semantic correlation. This study supports the priming effect of distributed memory model.