再访专家化假设：脸孔辨识处理是一种特别的处理还是与物体辨识处理共同处于一般化的处理机制中
Revisit the Expertise Hypothesis: Face Recognition Is a Special Processing or with Object Identification Process Common in the General Processing Mechanism?
摘要: McKone，Kanwisher，和Duchaine (2007)通过对脸孔辨识与物体辨识的文献进行综述，认为一般的专家化观点不能解释特别的脸孔处理。本文在其研究基础上，通过对07年以来的相关文献的再次梳理、概述，对脸孔辨识处理是一种特别的处理还是与物体辨识处理共同处于一般化的处理机制中的问题进行了再探讨。不同于McKone等人(2007)的脸孔处理特异性的观点，我们认为，脸孔辨识与物体辨识同处于一般化的处理机制中。此外，我们认为专家化假设的推论存在一些争议，未来研究者再使用时，应该对其进行更合理的界定。
Abstract: McKone, Kanwisher, & Duchaine (2007) reviewed the literature on face recognition and object identification, arguing that the general expertise view cannot explain the particular face recogni-tion. In this paper, especially on the basis of its research, through the relevant literature on the 2007 years since the recombing, an overview on face recognition processing is a kind of special treatment or identification, and the object in the process of common problems in general mechanism is discussed. Different from McKone’s face processing specific point of view, we think face recognition and object recognition are in the same processor system in general. In addition, we think that there are some controversies of the expertise hypothesis. In addition, we believe that there is some controversy in the inference of the expertise hypothesis, which should be more reasonably defined by future researchers.
文章引用：李艳华 (2017). 再访专家化假设：脸孔辨识处理是一种特别的处理还是与物体辨识处理共同处于一般化的处理机制中. 心理学进展, 7(5), 621-628.

参考文献

[1] Carey, S. (1981). The Development of face Perception. In G. M. Davies et al., Eds., Perceiving and Remembering Faces (pp. 9-38). Cambridge, MA: Academic Press.
[2] De, H. A., Houthuys, S., & Rossion, B. (2007). Holistic Face Processing Is Mature at 4 Years of Age: Evidence from the Composite Face Effect. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 96, 57-70.
[3] Diamond, R., & Carey, S. (1986). Why Faces Are and Are Not Special: An Effect of Expertise. Journal of Experimental Psychology General, 115, 107-117.[CrossRef] 
[4] Freiwald, W. A., Tsao, D. Y., & Livingstone, M. S. (2009). A Face Feature Space in the Macaque Temporal Lobe. Nature Neuroscience, 12, 1187-1196.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[5] Gauthier, I., Curran, T., Curby, K. M., & Collins, D. (2003). Perceptual Interference Supports a Non-Modular Account of Face Processing. Nature Neuroscience, 6, 428-432.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[6] Gauthier, I., Mcgugin, R. W., Richler, J. J., Herzmann, G., Speegle, M., & Van Gulick, A. E. (2014). Experience Moderates Overlap between Object and Face Recognition, Suggesting a Common Ability. Journal of Vi-sion,14, 7.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[7] Gauthier, I., Skudlarski, P., Gore, J. C., & Anderson, A. W. (2000). Expertise for Cars and Birds Recruits Brain Areas Involved in Face Recognition. Nature Neuroscience, 3, 191-197.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[8] Gauthier, I., Tarr, M. J., Anderson, A. W., Skudlarski, P., & Gore, J. C. (1999). Activation of the Middle Fusiform “Face Area” Increases with Expertise in Recognizing Novel Objects. Nature Neuroscience, 2, 568-573.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[9] Grillspector, K., Knouf, N., & Kanwisher, N. (2004). The Fusiform Face Area Subserves Face Perception, Not Generic Within-Category Identification. Nature Neuroscience, 7, 555-562.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[10] Hp, O. D. B., Baker, C. I., Dicarlo, J. J., & Kanwisher, N. G. (2006). Discrimination Training Alters Object Representations in Human Extrastriate Cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 26, 13025-13036.[CrossRef] 
[11] Kanwisher, N., Mcdermott, J., & Chun, M. M. (1997). The Fusiform Face Area: A Module in Human Extrastriate Cortex Specialized for Face Perception. Journal of Neuroscience, 17, 4302-4311.
[12] Kisilevsky, B. S. (2003). Effects of Experience on Fetal Voice Recognition. Psychological Science, 14, 220-224.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[13] Kriegeskorte, N., Mur, M., Ruff, D. A., Kiani, R., Bodurka, J., & Esteky, H. et al. (2010). Matching Categorical Object Representations in Inferior Temporal Cortex of Man and Monkey. Neuron, 60, 1126-1141.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[14] Lashkari, D., Vul, E., Kanwisher, N., & Golland, P. (2008). Discovering Structure in the Space of Activation Profiles in fMRI. In D. Metaxas, L. Axel, G. Fichtinger, & G. Székely (Eds.), Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2008. Lecture Notes in Computer Science (Vol. 524, pp. 11016-1024). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[15] Lashkari, D., Vul, E., Kanwisher, N., & Golland, P. (2010). Discovering Structure in the Space of fMRI Selectivity Profiles. NeuroImage, 50, 1085-1098.
[16] McCarthy, G., Puce, A., Gore, J. C., & Allison, T. (1997). Face-Specific Processing in the Human Fusiform Gyrus. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 9, 605-610.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[17] McGugin, R. W., Newton, A. T., Gore, J. C., & Gauthier, I. (2014). Robust Expertise Effects in Right FFA. Neuropsychologia, 63, 135-144.
[18] McGugin, R. W., Tanaka, J. W., Lebrecht, S., Tarr, M. J., & Gauthier, I. (2011). Race-Specific Perceptual Discrimination Improvement Following Short Individuation Training with Faces. Cognitive Science, 35, 330-347.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[19] McKone, E., Kanwisher, N., & Duchaine, B. C. (2007). Can Generic Expertise Explain Special Processing for Faces? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11, 8-15.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[20] Moore, C. D., Cohen, M. X., & Ranganath, C. (2006). Neural Mechanisms of Expert Skills in Visual Working Memory. Journal of Neuroscience, 26, 11187-11196.[CrossRef] 
[21] Puce, A., Allison, T., Asgari, M., Gore, J. C., & McCarthy, G. (1996). Differential Sensitivity of Human Visual Cortex to Faces, Letterstrings, and Textures: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Journal of Neuroscience, 16, 5205-5215.
[22] Rhodes, G., Byatt, G., Michie, P., & Puce, A. (2004). Is the Fusiform Face Area Specialized for Faces, Individuation, or Expert Individuation? Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 16, 189-203.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[23] Robbins, R., & McKone, E. (2007). No Face-Like Processing for Objects-of-Expertise in Three Behavioural Tasks. Cognition, 103, 34-79.
[24] Rossion, B., Gauthier, I., Tarr, M. J., Despland, P., Bruyer, R., & Linotte, S. et al. (2000). The N170 Occipitotemporal Component Is Delayed and Enhanced to Inverted Faces but Not to Inverted Objects: An Electrophysiological Account of Face-Specific Processes in the Human Brain. NeuroReport, 11, 69-74.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[25] Simion, F., Valenza, E., Cassia, V. M., Turati, C., & Umiltà, C. (2002). Newborns’ Preference for Up-Down Asymmetrical Configurations. Developmental Science, 5, 427-434.[CrossRef] 
[26] Sugita, Y. (2008). Face Perception in Monkeys Reared with No Exposure to Faces. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105, 394-398.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[27] Tanaka, J. W., & Farah, M. J. (1993). Parts and Wholes in Face Recognition. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 46, 225-245.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[28] Tong, M. H., Joyce, C. A., & Cottrell, G. W. (2008). Why Is the Fusiform Face Area Recruited for Novel Categories of Expertise? A Neurocomputational Investigation. Brain Research, 1202, 14-24.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[29] Turati, C., Bulf, H., & Simion, F. (2008). Newborns’ Face Recognition over Changes in Viewpoint. Cognition, 106, 1300-1321.
[30] Wang, P., Gauthier, I., & Cottrell, G. (2016). Are Face and Object Recognition Independent? A Neurocomputational Modeling Exploration. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 28, 558-574.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[31] Wong, A. C., Palmeri, T. J., & Gauthier, I. (2009). Conditions for Face-Like Expertise with Objects: Becoming A Ziggerin Expert—But Which Type? Psychological Science, 20, 1108-1117.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[32] Xu, Y. (2005). Revisiting the Role of the Fusiform Face Area in Visual Expertise. Cerebral Cortex, 15, 1234-1242.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[33] Young, A. W., Hellawell, D., & Hay, D. C. (1987). Configurational Information in Face Perception. Perception, 16, 747-759.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[34] Yue, X., Tjan, B. S., & Biederman, I. (2006). What Makes Faces Special? Vision Research, 46, 3802-3811.