竖缝式鱼道内部流场受加墩影响的模型试验研究

Experimental Study on the Influence of Adding Pier on the Internal Flow Field of Vertical Slot Fishway

摘要: 水利工程的修建阻断了河流的连续性，影响了鱼类的洄游路径，导致某些洄游鱼类种群的灭绝。现阶段国内修建的竖缝式鱼道，缓解了水利工程对水生物的影响，但同时存在一些弊端。对某水电站的竖缝式鱼道进行模型试验，数据显示其竖缝处流速过大，接近鱼类的临界游泳速度，导致鱼类受到损伤，有必要对竖缝式鱼道竖缝口流速进行调整控制。在原竖缝式鱼道的竖缝处添加一个墩结构，增大水的阻力，达到更好的消能效果，通过控制变量法确定墩最佳的位置，分析竖缝式鱼道内部流场受加墩的影响。加墩后的模型相比原结构，其流速减小，水流平缓。

Abstract: The construction of water conservancy projects blocks the continuity of the river, affecting the migration path of fish, leading to the extinction of some migratory fish stocks. At present, the vertical slot fishway constructed in China has alleviated the influence of water conservancy project on water biology, but at the same time there are some disadvantages. The model test of vertical slot fishway of a hydropower station shows that the velocity of the vertical slot is too large, which is close to the critical swimming speed of fish, which leads to the damage of fish. It is necessary to optimize the structure of vertical slot fishway. Adding a pier structure to the vertical joint of the original vertical slot fishway, increasing the resistance of water to achieve better efficiency, by controlling the variable method to determine the best position of the pier, a pier-type vertical slot fishway structure is proposed. Compared with the original structure, the flow rate of the improved model is reduced and the flow is gentle.