透过自我参照效应来看自我的发展
On the Self Development through the Self-Reference Effect
DOI: 10.12677/AP.2017.711157, PDF,    科研立项经费支持
作者: 王芳:怀化学院教育科学学院,湖南 怀化
关键词: 自我参照效应自我发展心理异常者Self-Reference Effect Self Development Psychological Abnormalities
摘要: 本研究通过梳理国内外不同年龄阶段的正常人和心理异常者自我参照效应的相关研究,来探索自我参照效应的发展,从而推断自我的发展过程。结果发现正常人的自我发展与自我参照效应的发展具有对应性,而心理异常者的自我参照效应存在异常,自我发展存在缺陷。
Abstract: The study explores the development of self-reference effect by combing the research of self-reference effect of normal at different ages and psychological abnormalities, so as to conclude the development of self. The results show that the self-development of normal person is corresponding to the development of self-reference effect, and the self-reference effect of psychological abnormalities is abnormal and self-development is flawed.
文章引用:王芳 (2017). 透过自我参照效应来看自我的发展. 心理学进展, 7(11), 1260-1268. https://doi.org/10.12677/AP.2017.711157

参考文献

[1] 陈婧思, 刘爱书, 马利军(2012). 恢复期精神分裂症患者记忆的自我参照效应. 中国健康心理学杂志, 20(4), 520-522.
[2] 陈图农, 杨杏梅, 王志庆(2008). 抑郁症患者内隐记忆的自我参照效应. 中国临床心理学杂志, 16(4), 351-354.
[3] 范伟, 钟毅平(2013). 自我参照加工的程度效应及其研究展望. 湖南科技大学学报(社会科学版), 16(6), 131-135.
[4] 金盛华(1996). 自我概念及其发展. 北京师范大学学报(社会科学版), 1, 30-36.
[5] 戚健俐, 朱滢(2004). 中国大学生的记忆的自我参照效应. 心理科学, 25(3), 275-278.
[6] 钱铭怡, 李旭, 张光健(1998). 轻度抑郁者在自我相关编码任务中的加工偏向. 心理学报, 30(3), 337-342.
[7] 谭莉, 曹丽, 刘建新, 刘艳菊, 贾品, 安翠霞(2013). 精神分裂症患者认知功能障碍. 中国健康心理学杂志, 21(2), 172-174.
[8] 熊恋, 凌辉, 唐钦(2012). 中学生的记忆参照效应. 中国临床心理学杂志, 20(6), 781-784.
[9] 杨红升, 朱滢(2004a). 老年中国人自我记忆效应的研究. 心理科学, 27(1), 43-45.
[10] 杨红升,朱滢(2004b). 自我与提取诱发遗忘现象. 心理学报, 36(2), 154-159.
[11] 袁中星(2007). 儿童记忆自我参照效应的发展研究. 硕士论文, 杭州: 浙江师范大学.
[12] 钟玉芳, 何养成(2012). 有无母亲对青少年自我记忆效应的影响. 阴山学刊: 社会科学版, 25(3), 107-111.
[13] 周爱保, 刘沛汝, 史战, 张鹏英, 吴慧芬, 李琼(2010). 四岁儿童的自我参照效应研究. 心理发展与教育, 26(3), 239-244.
[14] 周爱保, 刘沛汝, 张彦驰, 尹玉龙(2015). 老年人的朋友参照效应. 心理学报, 47(9), 1143-1151.
[15] 周丽, 苏彦捷(2008). 实际亲密度对恋人参照效应的影响. 心理学报, 40(4), 487-495.
[16] 朱虹, 贾竑晓(2014). 以阴性与阳性症状为主的精神分裂症患者的自我面孔识别速度研究. 首都医科大学学报, 35(2), 200-204.
[17] Bennett, M., & Sani, F. (2008). Children’s Subjective Identification with Social Groups: A Self-Stereotyping Approach. Developmental Science, 11, 69-75.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[18] Brown, P., Keenan, J. M., & Potts, G. R. (1986). The Self-Reference Effect with Imagery Encoding. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51, 897.[CrossRef
[19] Carson, N., Murphy, K. J., Moscovitch, M., & Rosenbaum, R. S. (2016). Older Adults Show a Self-Reference Effect for Narrative Information. Memory, 24, 1157-1172.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[20] Cloutier, J., & Neil Macrae, C. (2008). The Feeling of Choosing: Self-Involvement and the Cognitive Status of Things Past. Consciousness and Cognition, 17, 125-135.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[21] Cunningham, S. J., Brady-Van den Bos, M., & Turk, D. J. (2011). Exploring the Effects of Ownership and Choice on Self-Memory Biases. Memory, 19, 449-461.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[22] Cunningham, S. J., Brebner, J. L., Quinn, F., & Turk, D. J. (2014). The Self-Reference Effect on Memory in Early Childhood. Child Development, 85, 808-823.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[23] Cunningham, S. J., Turk, D. J., Macdonald, L. M., & Neil Macrae, C. (2008). Yours or Mine? Ownership and Memory. Consciousness and Cognition, 17, 312-318.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[24] Davis, H. (1979). Self-Reference and the Encoding of Personal Information in Depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 3, 97-110.[CrossRef
[25] Derry, P. A., & Kuiper, N. A. (1981). Schematic Processing and Self-Reference in Clinical Depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 90, 286-297.
[26] Frith, U. (1989). Explaining the Enigma. Autism: Wiley.
[27] Glisky, E. L., & Marquine, M. J. (2009). Semantic and Self-Referential Processing of Positive and Negative Trait Adjectives in Older Adults. Memory, 17, 144-157.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[28] Grady, C. L., Grigg, O., & Ng, C. (2012). Age Differences in Default and Reward Networks during Processing of Personally Relevant Information. Neuropsychologia, 50, 1682-1697.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[29] Gutchess, A. H., Kensinger, E. A., & Schacter, D. L. (2007). Aging, Self-Referencing, and Medial Prefrontal Cortex. Social Neuroscience, 2, 117-133.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[30] Gutchess, A. H., Kensinger, E. A., & Schacter, D. L. (2010). Functional Neuroimaging of Self-Referential Encoding with Age. Neuropsychologia, 48, 211-219.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[31] Gutchess, A. H., Kensinger, E. A., Yoon, C., & Schacter, D. L. (2007). Ageing and the Self-Reference Effect in Memory. Memory, 15, 822-837.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[32] Halpin, J. A., Puff, C. R., Mason, H. F., & Marston, S. P. (1984). Self-Reference Encoding and Incidental Recall by Children. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 22, 87-89.[CrossRef
[33] Harvey, P. O., Lee, J., Horan, W. P., Ochsner, K., & Green, M. F. (2011). Do Patients with Schizophrenia Benefit from a Self-Referential Memory Bias? Schizophrenia Research, 127, 171-177.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[34] Heatherton, T. F., Wyland, C. L., Macrae, C. N., Demos, K. E., Denny, B. T., & Kelley, W. M. (2006). Medial Prefrontal Activity Differentiates Self from Close Others. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 1, 18-25.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[35] Kalenzaga, S., & Clarys, D. (2013). The Out-of-Date Self of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients Leads to an Impaired Self-Reference Recollection Effect. Memory. (Manuscript Submitted for Publication)
[36] Kalenzaga, S., Bugaïska, A., & Clarys, D. (2013). Self-Reference Effect and Autonoetic Consciousness in Alzheimer Disease: Evidence for a Persistent Affective Self in Dementia Patients. Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders, 27, 116-122.[CrossRef
[37] Kelley, W. M., Macrae, C. N., Wyland, C. L., Caglar, S., Inati, S., & Heatherton, T. F. (2002). Finding the Self? An Event-Related fMRI Study. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 14, 785-794.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[38] Kesselring, T., & Müller, U. (2011). The Concept of Egocentrism in the Context of Piaget’s Theory. New Ideas in Psychology, 29, 327-345.[CrossRef
[39] Klein, S. B., Loftus, J., & Schell, T. (1994). Repeated Testing: A Technique for Assessing the Roles of Elaborative and Organizational Processing in the Representation of Social Knowledge. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 830-839.[CrossRef
[40] Kuiper, N. A., & Derry, P. A. (1982). Depressed and Nondepressed Content Self-Reference in Mild Depressives. Journal of Personality, 50, 67-80.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[41] Lalanne, J., Grolleau, P., & Piolino, P. (2010). Self-Reference Effect and Episodic Memory in Normal Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease: Myth or Reality? Psychologie & Neuropsychiatrie du Vieillissement, 8, 277-294.
[42] Lieberman, M. D. (2007). Social Cognitive Neuroscience: A Review of Core Processes. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 259-289.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[43] Liu, J., Corbera, S., & Wexler, B. E. (2014). Neural Activation Abnormalities during Self-Referential Processing in Schizophrenia: An fMRI Study. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 222, 165-171.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[44] Lombardo, M. V., Barnes, J. L., Wheelwright, S. J., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2007). Self-Referential Cognition and Empathy in Autism. PLoS One, 2, e883.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[45] Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the Self: Implications for Cognition, Emotion, and Motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224-253.[CrossRef
[46] Millward, C., Powell, S., Messer, D., & Jordan, R. (2000). Recall for Self and Other in Autism: Children’s Memory for Events Experienced by Themselves and Their Peers. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 30, 15-28.[CrossRef
[47] Montemayor, R., & Eisen, M. (1977). The Development of Self-Conceptions from Childhood to Adolescence. Developmental Psychology, 13, 314-319.[CrossRef
[48] Mueller, J. H., & Courtois, M. R. (1980). Retention of Self-Descriptive and Nondescriptive Words as a Function of Test Anxiety Level. Motivation and Emotion, 4, 229-237.[CrossRef
[49] Mueller, J. H., Wonderlich, S., & Dugan, K. (1986). Self-Referent Pro-cessing of Age-Specific Material. Psychology and Aging, 1, 293-299.[CrossRef
[50] Northoff, G., Heinzel, A., De Greck, M., Bermpohl, F., Dobrowolny, H., & Panksepp, J. (2006). Self-Referential Processing in Our Brain—A Meta-Analysis of Imaging Studies on the Self. Neuroimage, 31, 440-457.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[51] Piaget, J. (1959). The Language and Thought of the Child (Vol. 5). Hove: Psychology Press.
[52] Pullyblank, J., Bisanz, J., Scott, C., & Champion, M. A. (1985). Developmental Invariance in the Effects of Functional Self-Knowledge on Memory. Child Development, 56, 1447-1454.[CrossRef
[53] Ray, R. D., Shelton, A. L., Hollon, N. G., Michel, B. D., Frankel, C. B., Gross, J. J., & Gabrieli, J. D. (2009). Cognitive and Neural Development of Individuated Self-Representation in Children. Child Development, 80, 1232-1242.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[54] Rogers, T. B., Kuiper, N. A., & Kirker, W. S. (1977). Self-Reference and the Encoding of Personal Information. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 35, 677-688.[CrossRef
[55] Rosa, N. M., & Gutchess, A. H. (2013). False Memory in Aging Resulting from Self-Referential Processing. The Journals of Gerontology Series B: Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences, 68, 882-892.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[56] Ross, J., Anderson, J. R., & Campbell, R. N. (2011). I Remember Me: Mnemonic Self-Reference Effects in Preschool Children. Monographs of the Society for Re-search in Child Development, 76, 1-102.[CrossRef
[57] Salmon, E., Perani, D., Herholz, K., Marique, P., Kalbe, E., Holthoff, V., & Lespagnard, S. (2006). Neural Correlates of Anosognosia for Cognitive Impairment in Alzheimer’s Disease. Human Brain Mapping, 27, 588-597.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[58] Sui, J., & Zhu, Y. (2005). Five-Year-Olds Can Show the Self-Reference Advantage. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 29, 382-387.[CrossRef
[59] Symons, C. S., & Johnson, B. T. (1997). The Self-Reference Effect in Memory: A Meta-Analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 121, 371-394.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[60] Toichi, M., Kamio, Y., Okada, T., Sakihama, M., Youngstrom, E. A., Findling, R. L., & Yamamoto, K. (2002). A Lack of Self-Consciousness in Autism. American Journal of Psychiatry, 159, 1422-1424.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[61] Turk, D. J., Cunningham, S. J., & Macrae, C. N. (2008). Self-Memory Biases in Explicit and Incidental Encoding of Trait Adjectives. Consciousness and Cognition, 17, 1040-1045.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[62] Vogel, A., Hasselbalch, S. G., Gade, A., Ziebell, M., & Waldemar, G. (2005). Cognitive and Functional Neuroimaging Correlate for Anosognosia in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 20, 238-246.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[63] Wisco, B. E. (2009). Depressive Cognition: Self-Reference and Depth of Processing. Clinical Psychology Review, 29, 382-392.[CrossRef] [PubMed]
[64] Yang, L., Truong, L., Fuss, S., & Bislimovic, S. (2012). The Effects of Ageing and Divided Attention on the Self-Reference Effect in Emotional Memory: Spontaneous or Effortful Mnemonic Benefits? Memory, 20, 596-607.[CrossRef] [PubMed]