材料屏蔽效能测试方法比较研究

Comparison Research on Measuring Methods for Materials Shielding Effectiveness

摘要: 屏蔽效能是对屏蔽体隔离或限制电磁波的能力的度量，是反映屏蔽材料最主要的指标，因此，屏蔽效能测试技术的规范性、适用性至关重要。目前屏蔽效能测试标准已有十几种，包括国标、国军标、行标等，虽然每种方法都能获得实验数据，但不同测试条件下的实验数据差异性很大，影响到屏蔽材料的应用。该文从屏蔽效能测试基本原理入手，分析了现行标准中材料屏蔽效能的主要测试方法，并通过平面屏蔽材料试验验证，对比了GB/T 12190-2006和GB/T 30142-2013中屏蔽室窗口测试法的差异性，进一步试验了不同天线测试距离和校准参考方式对测试结果的影响，以期为屏蔽材料的设计和装备整体规划提供一定的指导。

Abstract: Shielding effectiveness, a measure of the ability of a shield to isolate or limit electromagnetic waves, is the main indicator of shielding materials. Therefore, standardizing and appropriately applying shielding effectiveness testing techniques occupy a very influential position. Nowadays, there are dozens of standards for shielding effectiveness testing here, including national standard, national military standard, industry standard, etc. Although the experimental data could be obtained by all of these methods, they are quite different under different test conditions, which hinder the application of shielding materials. Based on the basic principle of measurements of shielding effectiveness, this paper analyzes the main measurements of shielding effectiveness of materials by current standards. Through the verification of test of flat screen materials, it compares the differences of shielding enclosure measurements between GB/T 12190-2006 and GB/T 30142-2013. Further, various antenna testing distances and calibration references are tested to provide some guidance for shielding material design and equipment integrated planning.