采空区监测方案设计研究

Design of Monitoring Scheme for Mined-Out Area

摘要: 分析国内采空区现状及其一般处理方法，针对铜陵华金矿业的小型采空区面积小，形状不规则等特征，根据采空区现场调查情况结合矿区的井下采矿安排，为了保障采空区综合治理工程和施工过程中的安全，进行了多种地压和位移监测方案的设计。经分析微震监测成本高，不能后期移动，巷道收敛和采空区裂缝监测无法施工且施工安全风险大，经过反复研究，特设计了一种可移动、不接触、施工方便在采空区外就可的监测采空区的方法。构建了采空区监测网络，明确了监测内容，实现在线式、自动化、全天候监测。工程实际表明：该监测方案可以为井下的采矿爆破、巷道施工过程提供了围岩稳定性数据，给施工安全提供了保障。

Abstract: With study of the current situation and management strategies for the domestic underground goaf filling, a variety of ground pressure and displacement monitoring programs were examined by Tongling Huajin Mining. The strategies were tested according to the characteristics of the small goaf area and irregular shape of Tongling Huajin Mining, as well as based on the site investigation of the mining goaf and the underground mining management, in order to maintain the solid control of the construction process and safety. The overall analysis raised potential concerns over the high cost of the microseismic monitoring, the lack of the construction mobility, as well as the obstacles in constructing roadway convergence and gob crack monitoring with their high risks associated. After continuous studies, a portable, contactless and easy-implementing program was specially designed to facilitate the on-site monitoring at the off-site base. The program successfully built an underground goaf monitoring network, clearly defined the objectives of the monitoring, and well established an online, automated and all-weather monitoring standard. This project shows that the monitoring program can provide the stability data of the surrounding rocks, to support the mine blasting and roadway construction, thus to ensure the construction safety.