电感耦合等离子质谱测定矿石中铼的研究进展

Research Progress on Determination Method of Rhenium in Ores by ICP-MS

摘要: 铼是一种稀有金属，在地壳中平均含量约为1 × 10⁻⁷%。由于具有特殊的物理化学性能，铼在工业领域已经得到了广泛的应用。自然界中的铼贵重而稀散，准确测定其含量存在一定的困难。巨大的工业需求促进了各种铼分析方法的开发与应用，比如电化学溶出伏安法、分光光度法、X射线荧光光谱法、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法，电感耦合等离子质谱法等等。电感耦合等离子质谱具有很低的检出限，基体效应小，谱线简单，能同时测定许多元素，动态线性范围宽及能快速测定同位素比值等特点。地质学中常用于测定岩石、矿石、矿物、地下水中微量、痕量和超痕量元素。随着大型精密仪器的开发应用，铼样品的前处理、分离、富集以及测定方法都有不同程度的进展。综述了近些年来矿石样品中铼的分离、测定方法的进展，重点介绍了电感耦合等离子体质谱法在测试铼中的应用，分析比较了各方法的优缺点，并展望了铼的分离、分析方法的发展方向。

Abstract: Rhenium is one of the rarest elements in the Earth’s crust with an average concentration of 1 × 10⁻⁷%. It has been widely used in various industrial fields due to its special physical and chemical properties. The rhenium in nature is precious but scattered, causing difficulty in accurate deter-mination of its content. The great industrial demand of rhenium requires its production in large amounts. This stimulates the development of analytical methods for its control in various mineral raw materials as well as in different technological products, including, electro stripping voltam-metry, spectrophotometry, X-ray fluorescence analysis spectrometry, ICP-AES and ICP-MS. ICP-MS has the advantages as follows: Low detection, little matrix effects, simple spectral lines, simulta-neous determination of many elements, wide linear range and rapid determination of isotope ratios. In geology, it is used to detect trace elements and ultratrace elements in rock ore and groundwater. With the development and application of large-scale precise instruments, the pretreatment, separation, enrichment and determination methods of samples containing rhenium had some progresses. In this study, the research progress on separation and determination method of rhenium in ore samples in recent years was reviewed. The application of ICP-MS in the detection of rhenium was focally introduced. The merits and demerits of different methods were compared. The development direction on separation and analysis method of rhenium was prospected.