生存加工和死亡加工对源记忆的影响

Effects of Survival Processing and Death Processing on Source Memory

摘要: 已有不少研究证实了在生存加工和死亡加工的情景下被试对词语的回想成绩更好，即记忆的生存加工优势效应和死亡加工优势效应。但这些研究中的记忆主要是项目记忆，关于源记忆的研究并不充分和系统。本研究中实验一以加工条件为指标，每个被试在生存情景、死亡情景和中性情景下对词语进行与对应场景相关程度进行评分，之后判断评分任务中词语出现在哪个加工场景下；实验二以加工次数为指标，生存加工组、死亡加工组、中性加工组三组被试的任务是对词语与场景的相关程度进行评分，一半词语呈现一次，一半词语呈现两次，之后判断在评分任务中词语出现的次数。结果表明与项目记忆类似，源记忆同样存在生存加工和死亡加工的优势效应，并且生存加工的优势效应和死亡加工的优势效应效果相似，差异不显著。

Abstract: Many studies have confirmed that under the scenario of survival processing and death processing, subjects have better recall score of words, namely survival processing advantage effect and death processing advantage effect. But the memory of these studies is mainly the memory of item, while the research on the source memory is not sufficient and systematic. In our study 1, experiment with processing conditions as the index, each participant judges words how relevant to the corresponding scenario in the situation of survival, the situation of death, and the neutral situation, finally they should judge words appeared in which scenario; in experiment 2 processing times as the index and the survival processing group, death processing group, and neutral processing group as a between-subject factor. Participants in each group each participant judge words how relevant to the corresponding scenario, half of words appear only once which the other half of words appear twice, finally they should judge how many times the words appeared. Results show that survival processing advantage effect and death processing advantage effect could generalize to source memory and there is no significant difference between survival processing advantage effect and death processing advantage effect, which is similar to item memory.