基于DEM的崂山国家森林公园视域分析

Viewshed Analysis Based on DEM in Laoshan National Forest Park

摘要: 本文利用SBE美景度评价方法，对崂山国家森林公园部分景点的景观质量进行了评价；同时基于ArcGIS软件和DEM数据对东线仰口、中线北九水和南线巨峰三条游览路线及其景点进行了视域分析，统计了可视域面积、可视范围内景点数量及相邻景点间的重叠度等指标。结果表明：仅有42%的景点的美景度在所有同类景观中处于平均值以上，大部分景观的美景度处于平均值上下。景区内景点分布较为合理，80%的景点视域面积在100 hm2以上，视野开阔，具有较好的观赏效果，可以带给游客以心胸开阔的感受。游道上相邻景点的视域重叠度均在40%以下，说明移步换景的效果较好。各景区之间游道的视域重叠面积较小，景区之间景观的互补性高。景区景观各具特色，其中，北九水以观水赏花为主，巨峰具有登高望远之特色，仰口沿海游道山海相连，海天一色。本研究可为崂山游客提供不同的游览参考，同时能够为景区现有景点的调整改建，未来对新景点的开发提供依据。

Abstract: This paper evaluated the landscape quality of some scenic spots of Laoshan National Forest Park by using the SBE (Scenic Beauty evaluation) method. At the same time, viewshed analysis for routes of the eastern line Yangkou, Middle line Beijiushui and the southern line Jufeng was carried out based on the ArcGIS software and DEM (Digital Elevation Model) data, and factors such as the visual area, the number of spots in the visual range and the overlapping degree between adjacent spots were calculated. The result showed that only 42% of the scenic spots reached the average scenic value of beauty in all similar landscapes, and the average scenic value of most of the landscapes fluctuated at the average. The distribution of scenic spots is reasonable, 80% of scenic spots with wide field of vision have greater than 100 hm2 sights area, which can bring tourists with open-minded feelings. The sight overlapping degree of the adjacent spots on the tourist trail is below 40%, indicating that the effect of the step-by-step change of scenery is better. The overlapping area between the tourist attractions is small, and the complementarity of the landscape between scenic areas is high. Scenic landscapes have their own characteristics, of which, Beijiushui is dominated by the view of water and beauty flowers, Jufeng has the characteristics of the high and distance, and the mountain and the sea are connected and the sea melted into the sky within Yangkou scenic spot. This study can provide tourists with different consults. At the same time, it can adjust and rebuild existing scenic spots and offer gauge for the development of new scenic spots in the future.