基于遗传算法对某公司装配线平衡的研究

Study on Assembly Line of a Company Based on the Genetic Algorithm

摘要: 为了解决装配线平衡这类NP-hard问题，要求将工序合理地分配到各工作站，使各工作站工时尽可能相等以有效地提高生产效率。以某公司遥控车装配线的现状为案例，依据装配线实际情况设置约束条件，建立了数学模型，提出运用遗传算法对装配线进行优化改进，设计了算法流程以及编码、变异、交叉、解码和选择操作，并运用MATLAB编程实现了该算法。并且提出了工作站负荷率折线评价指标，更好的反映出工作站装配能力的发挥空间和装配线平衡理想程度。装配线平衡率由原来的68.6%上升到93.3%，装配线损失率由原来的31.4%下降到6.7%，各工作站负荷率更加平稳，优化效果显著。研究结果表明遗传算法结合MATLAB编程解决装配线平衡问题是可行的、有效的，并且提出的工作站负荷率折线评价指标为装配线平衡问题的研究提供了参考依据。

Abstract: In order to solve the NP-hard problem of the assembly line, it is required to allocate the process reasonably to each workstation so as to make the working hours as equal as possible to effectively improve the production efficiency. Taking the status quo in a company car assembly line as a case, according to the actual situation, we set up an assembly line’s constraint conditions, established the mathematical model of applying genetic algorithm to optimize the new assembly line improvement, designed the process and coding algorithm, mutation, crossover, decoding and the choice of operation; and the algorithm was realized using MATLAB programming. Moreover, the evaluation index of the load index of workstation is proposed, which can better reflect the space of the workstation assembly capacity and the ideal degree of the assembly line balance. The assembly line balance rate increased from 68.6% to 93.3%, and the loss rate of assembly line decreased from 31.4% to 6.7%. The load rate of each workstation was more stable and the optimization effect was significant. Research results show that the genetic algorithm combined with MATLAB programming to solve assembly line balancing problem is feasible and effective, and the work station load rate index put forward for assembly line balancing problem provides a reference basis for the research.