基于生态需水量的湿地生态系统服务功能研究

Research on Ecosystem Services Based on Ecological Water Requirement for Wetland

摘要: 湿地作为一种重要的生态系统，具有不可替代的生态功能，近年来天然湿地面积骤减，湿地生态系统服务功能严重降低，其保护工作紧迫而复杂。湿地作为一个复杂的自然生态系统，具有整体性，之前的研究仅局限于其某一或某几个功能是远远不够的。如何从湿地生态系统整体性探讨湿地的生态系统服务？本文以系统论为理论基础，从生态需水量角度出发，结合水文–生态法和生态功能法，建立湿地系统的各生态需水量之间的湿地生态需水量平衡方程，并基于此，建立湿地生态系统的理想状态模型，在不同管理目标下探索了实现湿地生态服务功能最优化的调控方式，同时，避免了以往生态需水量的重复计算问题。本文是对湿地生态系统服务功能的进一步探索，将丰富湿地保护和管理工作的理论基础。

Abstract: Wetland, an important ecological system, has irreplaceable ecosystem service value. The area of natural wetland decreases rapidly in recent years ; the study on ecosystem service func-tion of wetland becomes a hot topic. Wetland system is a complicated natural system. However, in past several decades, people unilaterally emphasize the function and composition of wetland eco-system or studied as a whole. It becomes a question to study its ecological function with system theory. So, in this paper, the system theory is an integral theoretical basis to study water require-ment of wetland ecosystem. We build a dynamic balance with water requirement of ecology to get the balance equation about wetland system of the ecological water requirement. Then the ideal model is defined as the best function of wetland ecosystem based theory above. The model could avoid the repetition of the different water requirement. In the end, we discuss the application of the model under different management objectives and the best control model. The ideal model could be used for managers to estimate the health of wetland ecosystem, look for the reasons and restore them.